N Acetylcysteine Quality Control

N Acetylcysteine Quality Control N-acetylcysteine (C5H9NO3S Mr 163.2) is the N-acetyl subordinate of the normally happening amino corrosive, l-cysteine. The medication happens as a white, crystalline powder with a slight acidic smell. N-acetylcysteine is openly solvent in water and in liquor. N-acetylcysteine is industrially accessible as fluid arrangements of the sodium salt of the medication. It is utilized as a mucolytic or as a cure for paracetamol. The British Pharmacopeia contains various tests for this compound intended to guarantee the quality. N-acetylcysteine acts to lessen bodily fluid consistency by parting disulfide bonds connecting proteins present in the bodily fluid (mucoproteins). Breathed in N-acetylcysteine is shown for mucolytic (bodily fluid dissolving) treatment as an adjuvant in respiratory conditions with unreasonable or potentially thick bodily fluid creation. Such conditions incorporate emphysema, bronchitis, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, amyloidosis, pneumonia. It is likewise utilized post-operatively, as a symptomatic guide, and in tracheostomy care. It might be viewed as ineffectual in cystic fibrosis (Rossi, 2006). Be that as it may, an ongoing paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reports that high-portion oral N-acetylcysteine adjusts irritation in cystic fibrosis and can possibly counter the interweaved redox and fiery uneven characters in CF (Tirouvanziam et al., 2006). Oral N-acetylcysteine may likewise be utilized as a mucolytic in less genuine cases. N-acetylcysteine additionally acts to expand glutathione saves (drained by harmful paracetamol metabolites) in the body and, along with glutathione to straightforwardly tie to poisonous metabolites. These activities serve to shield hepatocytes in the liver from poisonousness due to paracetamol overdose. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine is shown for the treatment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Oral N-acetylcysteine for this sign is extraordinary as it is inadequately endured attributable to the high dosages required (because of poor oral bioavailability), horrendous taste or scent and unfavorable medication responses (especially sickness and retching). Be that as it may, a few people have demonstrated an antagonistic sensitivity to intravenous N-acetylcysteine which incorporates extraordinary breathing trouble, dizziness, rashes, extreme hacking and now and again additionally heaving. Rehashed overdoses will make the hypersensitive response deteriorate and more awful. N-acetylcysteine is inclined to both hydrolysis and oxidation and a portion of the contaminations from these responses are demonstrated as follows. Plan 2 2. Test: 2.1. Materials: The materials utilized in this investigation were N-acetylcysteine powder, disodium edentate arrangement, 1M sodium hydroxide and blended phosphate support pH 7.0, water, weaken hydrochloric corrosive, potassium iodine arrangement, 0.05M iodine, 0.1M sodium hydroxide, starch, phenol red and phenolphthalein as markers. The mechanical assembly utilized were optical revolution analyser, cone shaped jars, 10mL and 50mL pipettes, burette, electronic gauge parity and measuring glasses. 2.2. Strategies: a) Specific optical turn: +21ãÅ"Ã¥ to +27ãÅ"Ã¥ 1.25g N-acetylcysteine powder was gauged and permitted break up in a blend of 1ml of 10g/L arrangement of disodium edentate, 7.5ml of 1M sodium hydroxide and adequate measure of blended phosphate support pH 7.0 to 25ml absolute volume. Optical turns of the newly arranged arrangement and the old arrangements of N-acetylcysteine gave were estimated and recorded. b) ASSAY: 98.0%-101.0% C5H9NO3S (as dried material) 0.14g N-acetylcysteine powder was weighed by distinction and filled a conelike cup. 60 ml of water and 10ml weaken hydrochloride corrosive were estimated and included into the cone shaped jar. The conelike flagon was shaking to guarantee the N-acetylcysteine powder was completely disintegrated. The arrangement was left to cool. Another 10ml of potassium iodide arrangement was included into the cooled arrangement in the tapered jar. The arrangement was then titrated with 0.05M iodine by utilizing starch as pointer. Second titration was completed to guarantee exact and exact outcome. c) Assay by titration with 0.1M sodium hydroxide 0.3g N-acetylcysteine powder was weighed by contrast and filled a clean funnel shaped jar. Roughly 50 ml of refined water was estimated and included into the tapered cup. The funnel shaped carafe was shaking to guarantee the N-acetylcysteine powder was completely broken up. The arrangement was titrated with 0.1M sodium hydroxide utilizing phenol red as pointer. Second titration was completed to guarantee exact and exact outcome. 0.3g N-acetylcysteine powder was weighed by contrast and filled a clean cone shaped jar. Around 50 ml of refined water was estimated and included into the conelike cup. The tapered flagon was shaking to guarantee the N-acetylcysteine powder was completely disintegrated. The arrangement was titrated with 0.1M sodium hydroxide utilizing phenolphthalein as pointer. Second titration was completed to guarantee exact and exact outcome. d) Zinc: Not more than 10ppm Zinc 1.00g of N-acetylcysteine powder was gauged and broken up in 0.001M hydrochloric corrosive. The arrangement was weakened to 50ml with 0.001M hydrochloric corrosive and arrangement 1 was acquired. Three arrangements were set up for examination. The primary arrangement comprises of 10ml arrangement 1 weakened to 20ml with 0.001M hydrochloric corrosive, second arrangement comprises of 10ml arrangement 1 and 1ml of 5ppm zinc standard weakened to 20ml with 0.001M hydrochloric corrosive and the third arrangement comprises of 10ml arrangement 1 and 2ml of 5ppm zinc standard weakened to 20ml with 0.001M hydrochloric corrosive. The absorbance of every arrangement was estimated at 213.8nm utilizing a nuclear retention spectrophotometer. The absorbance for every arrangement was classified. The zinc content in each example was determined utilizing the strategy for standard expansion. e) Loss on drying: Not more than 1.0%w/w An example of N-acetylcysteine was dried at 70ãÅ"Ã¥ C in vacuo for 3 hours and the information was recorded and the rate misfortune on drying of this example was determined. f) Related substances The chromatograms got from the HPLC investigation of both new arrangement and old arrangement of N-acetylcysteine was analyzed. 3. Results: a) Specific optical revolution: Mass of gauging boat(g) 26.6089 Mass of gauging pontoon + test (g) 27.8609 Mass of gauging pontoon + buildup (g) 26.6079 Mass of test moved (g) 1.253 Table 1: The mass of N-acetylcysteine used to make an answer for estimation of explicit optical turn. Figurings: As per British Pharmacopeia (BP 1999; page 40-41), it expresses that the particular optical pivot is +ã‚â 21.0 to +ã‚â 27.0. To get the edge of turn, the condition underneath is utilized, Where, [ãžâ ±] = explicit optical pivot Þâ ± = watched edge of pivot C = convergence of dynamic substance in g/100mL of the arrangement l = length of section in 2dcms For newly arranged arrangement: Edge acquired (Þâ ±): 2.45㠢⠁â ° Convergence of N-acetylcysteine (c): 5.012 %w/v Way length = 2 dm Explicit optical pivot: = 100 x 2.45㠢⠁â ° 2 x 5.012g/ml = +24.5㠢⠁â ° For old arrangement: Edge got (Þâ ±): - 3.29㠢⠁â ° Centralization of N-acetylcysteine (c): 5.012 %w/v Way length = 2 dm Explicit optical turn: = 100 x 3.29㠢⠁â ° 2 x 5.012g/ml = - 32.9㠢⠁â ° b) ASSAY: 98.0%-101.0% C5H9NO3S (as dried material) Test 1 Test 2 Mass of vessel + test (g) 3.8797 3.8777 Mass of vessel + buildup (g) 3.7393 3.7398 Mass of Acetylcysteine moved (g) 0.1404 0.1379 Table 2: The mass of N-acetylcysteine powder in test 1 and test 2 for titrations with iodine. First perusing Second perusing Beginning volume (mL) 17.40 26.70 Last volume (mL) 26.40 35.50 Volume of 0.05M iodine utilized (mL) 9.00 8.80 Table 3: The volume of iodine utilized for both titration utilizing test 1 and test 2 of N-acetylcysteine arrangement and starch as marker. Counts: Real centralization of iodine utilized: 0.0476M Atomic load of N-acetylcysteine (C5H9NO3S): 163.2 The reasonable condition for the response between N-acetylcysteine and iodine: 2 C5H9NO3S + I2 à C5H8NO3SSC5H8NO3 + 2HI 2KI à I2 + 2K+ As indicated by British Pharmacopeia, 1mL of 0.05M iodine is equal to 16.32mg of C5H9NO3S. This implies, 2 mole of C5H9NO3S equivalent to one mole of iodine. Along these lines when 1mL of 0.05M iodine = 16.32mg of C5H9NO3S, 1mL of 0.0476M iodine = 0.0476M x 16.32mg/0.05M = 15.54mg of C5H9NO3S First titration: 1mL of 0.0476M iodine = 15.54mg of C5H9NO3S In this way, 9.00mL of 0.0476M iodine = 9.00mL x 15.54mg/1mL = 139.86mg = 0.13986g of C5H9NO3S Second titration: 1mL of 0.0476M iodine = 15.54mg of C5H9NO3S In this way, 8.80mL of 0.0476M iodine = 8.80mL x 15.54mg/1mL = 135.52mg = 0.13552g of C5H9NO3S Estimation of Percentage of Purity: Test 1 of N-acetylcysteine Test 2 of N-acetylcysteine Mass moved Genuine mass determined Mass moved Genuine mass determined 0.1404 0.1399 0.1379 0.1355 As indicated by British Pharmacopeia (BP), the level of virtue ought to be inside 98.0 101.0% of dried substance. Condition of the Percentage of Purity: Test 1: Test 2: c) Assay by titration with 0.1M of sodium hydroxide I) Titration by utilizing phenol red marker Test 1 Test 2 Mass of vessel + test (g) 3.8916 3.9199 Mass of vessel + buildup (g) 3.5913 3.6198 Mass of N-acetylcysteine moved (g) 0.3003 0.3001 Table 4: The mass of N-acetylcysteine powder in test 1 and test 2 for titrations with 0.1M of sodium hydroxide. First perusing Second perusing Starting volume (mL) 1.00 1.00 Last volume (mL) 18.15 18.10 Volume of 0.05M iodine utilized (mL) 17.15 17.10 Table 5: The volume of 0.1M sodium hydroxide utilized for both titration utilizing test 1 and test 2 of N-acetylcysteine arrangement and phenol red as pointer. Estimations: Genuine grouping of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) utilized: 0.1062M Sub-atomic load of N-acetylcysteine (C5H9NO3S): 163.2 The decent equa

Impact Of Social Media On Business Commerce Essay

Effect Of Social Media On Business Commerce Essay Online life or as it were New Media characterizes interpersonal interaction locales like Facebook, Twitter, Flicker, Youtube alongside a lot more destinations that connect with clients to partake in,comment on and make content as methods for speaking with their social group,other clients and public.It can occur by means of a computer(like PCs and netbooks),tablets(like iPads,iTouch and others) and portable phones(smart phones).Social media in todays world has become a worldwide marvel. Web based life in todays world is a piece of any business, no organizations can sell there items without the assistance of online life since internet based life is a mass correspondence media which takes the detail of value and cost of the item to the purchasers. Thus web based life causes the firm completely to get the benefit from the business . 1Agnihotri, Raj; Kothandaraman, Prabakar; Kashyap, Rajiv; Singh, Ramendra. (2012). effect of online networking on business. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management.â . 32 (16), p333-348. This article is intriguing, it gives helpful data about the historical backdrop of web based life and it clarifies how online networking impacts business. It has helpful data about the effect of social on business In various fields of business. I will utilize this source in my last article since it clarifies about various terms for instance deals the board, business insight, business arranging and some more. Moreover, it clarifies how the organistaions accomplish objectives utilizing online life. Its a quickest developing procedure in business associations which outlines an objective in an associations. Anyway web based life is a significant device which discloses how to keep up assignments in different fields like a sales rep to keep up a vocation in a superior manner to make an occupation esteem. This article is giving me various thoughts how the business is finished with the assistance of online life. As should be obvious this article has the normal focuses about the internet based life showcasing techniques, firms procedures, business arranging and deals the executives. Dave Ray . (2010). The Positive Effects of Social Media. Available: http://www.searchengineisland.com/2012/05/beneficial outcomes of-internet based life online.html. Last got to 28th oct 2012. This site clarifies about the positive effect of online networking on business. It discloses how to utilize web based life for future online business whatever it might be, an item or advertising which will deliver you profit by the day's end. This site additionally gives data about how online networking has developed in the overall generally in business, as should be obvious these days no business runs without the assistance of web based life. Anyway utilizing this webpage for my last article will be progressively valuable since it call attention to how the business firms use organizing sites to stay in contact with clients, look at the, and know there taste and inclination . Along these lines this site is giving me various thoughts and it explains about various systems administration social and business arranged informal organization sites and it likewise illuminate how the organizations accomplish their objectives with the assistance of online networking organizing sites ( for instance facebook, twitter and myspace) john souza. (2011).â social media highlights for a lift in business.Available: http://socialmediamarketinguniversity.com/10-musthave-internet based life highlights help business/. Last got to 28th oct 2012. I am accepting this site as my source since it gives me insight concerning internet based life highlights which causes the organizations to improve their business. It represent about different online life sites like facebook, twitter, linkedin and youtube. For instance: facebook pages helps the venture in promoting their item on their pages which are enjoyed by numerous individuals and at whatever point a product is loved by a part it goes on his/her own profile thusly the endeavor uninhibitedly publicized and it spares the expense of the ware. Just as in twitter, in the event that a record is moved up to proficient, at that point their will be numerous individuals to tweet you which implies more benefit for the firm. Along these lines I should utilize this source in my last exposition since it characterizes internet based life in a superior manner and it shows how the business firms make their brands name famous and how they make they benefit by utilizing online life arrange pages . Catherine Lovering. (2010). Negative Effects of Social Media on Business. Available: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/negative-impacts online networking business-25682.html. Last got to 27th oct 2012 I am accepting this article as my hotspot for the last exposition , various articles clarifies various things as this clarifies me how online networking makes issues for business firms . In nowadays no organization can utilize negative items as they are seen by media, provided that they do, media makes negative anecdotes about their items which makes a major issue for the organization and friends is exposed with the terrible name in the market . Internet based life is a major piece of the business ,web-based social networking welcomes everybody to its locale representatives, works and customers . internet based life makes trouble for the organizations to state about their brands that are negative, since clients are straightforwardly welcome to media and they would remark on the brands that disparaging . Subsequently, utilizing this article as a source in my last paper will be progressively useful then some other in light of the fact that it calls attention to many negative themes about social middle negative effects on business and how can it makes issue for organizations like discussing unapproved laborers for associations benefit. Rodriguez, Michael; Peterson, Robert M.; Krishnan, Vijaykumar. . (2012). effect of online life on business. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management.â . 32 (14), p365-378. In this article Michael, Robert and vijay kumar has clarified how the online life impact business firms. As indicated by Neilson company(2010), online networking clients overall developed about 30 percent in 2010, from 244 million to almost 315 million clients. Research from Gartners customers innovation and markets bunches determined that worldwide spending via web-based networking media would add up to $14.9 billion in 2012(Gupta 2011) (content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?EbscoContent ) Along these lines, as the utilization of web based life rises, the cost of the item likewise rises and the client who are called lord of the market will in general change to its substitutes of that ware which has the meriting cost instead of the product that is publicize through methods for online life. This article has examined about the negative effects of web-based social networking which says that on account of internet based life numerous enormous business firms loses its clients consistently for a wide range of reasons.

Language on the Skids Planet Biscotti Goddess Richmond Writing

Language on the Skids Planet Biscotti Goddess Richmond Writing Admittedly, unlike the cartoon (taken from UPenns Language Log blog) this post is tepid stuff. I find myself, by inclination a descriptivist about propriety in language, vexed by the overuse of goddess and planet and even club. Each of these words has been debased and lost some of its grandeur by their use in marketing. This screed of mine began as I looked across the desk, delaying grading student work, when my eyes lighted on the box of biscotti Id picked up at Ellwood Thompsons Local Market, my favorite place to shop. The brand, Biscotti Goddess, appears at the local coffee shop and Im fond of them. Im not fond of the name. Deities, even heathen ones, or especially those, merit some respect.   Id say Biscotti Diva except Id be falling into the same trap. My concern with using such signifiers this way comes from the ability to suck the life from what they signify.   If you look up weasel word in Wikipedia, youll see that the term comes from how an actual weasel empties an egg that still appears intact. And thus with language. Almost time for Planet Lunch!

Printer Security Understanding Health Data Security And...

Understanding Health Data Security and Print Infrastructure Although printer security is often overlooked, there are several steps healthcare IT managers can take to properly secure their printer ecosystem. By Mario Doss HP For those who may not see the urgency in printer and software upgrades let me point out how the last two years have seen several high profile, costly health data security breaches from some major healthcare organizations including Anthem Healthcare, Premera Blue Cross BlueShield, Excellus BlueCross BlueShield and UCLA Health System. These examples have served to highlight the importance of Printer security for healthcare organizations and please don’t forget that the Equifax Breach was due to Software upgrades†¦show more content†¦In addition, deploy printers with features that can provide a base layer of self-protection, such as the ability to detect and recover from an intrusion. IT organizations should also ensure that they are procuring their printers and print services from vendors that support industry standards such as Common Criteria, FIPS 140-2, HIPAA, NIST 800-53 and ISO 27001. Prevent unauthorized user access to confidential documents Documents left in the output tray present one of the most common risks associated with print security. In healthcare settings especially, these documents often contain confidential patient information that can easily be accessed, misplaced or discarded. This exposure to private patient information, financial statements, and other proprietary data puts an organization at risk of an immediate breach. Implementing a pull printing or pin printing solution can help prevent this type of unauthorized access by requiring a user to authenticate at the printer before a document starts printing. HIPAA compliance means not just preventing authorized access to patient information records, but also being able to document who has access to those records. When it comes to printing documents, an access management solution can be used to enforce IT policies about who can print what as well provide an audit trail, if needed. Implement aShow MoreRelatedEssay about Applied Reserach Course Project3581 Words   |  15 PagesApplied Research Course Project Radames Ramirez RRamirez14@my.keller.edu MIS589 – Networking Concepts and Applications Instructor: Lynn Risley 3/10/2016 MIS589 Project Milestone 0Proposal Draft | Cloud infrastructure ServicesKaiser Permanente Hospitals | Prepared by: Radames RamirezDate: 03/03/2016 | Approved by: | 1. 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The Contribution of Benjamin Franklin to The American...

Benjamin Franklin was one of the most influential men of the eighteenth century. He was the only man to sign all of these four major documents: the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Alliance with France, the Constitution of the United States, and the Treaty of Peace with Great Britain. Franklin was an inventor, a philosopher, a writer, a musician, and he actively participated in many congressional articles used by the government of the United States of America. His tombstone, however, simply referred to him as printer, reflecting his great humility. One of the things he was most influential in was the separation of the American colonies from British rule. In fact, Benjamin Franklin was vital to the success of the American†¦show more content†¦Walter Isaacson states that William was concerned for his father, but both he and Galloway remained loyalists. Franklin sought after a way to keep America and England under one empire, but he knew that this would only occur if Britain would cease its oppression of the American people. When it became obvious that the King would not stop his endless taxes and limits on trade, a fight for independence became the only clear way to put an end to it. Unfortunately, not every American saw the issue as clearly as Franklin. Most were afraid of the consequences to a rebellion against British rule. John Dickinson, put forward the last appeal to England on July 5. It later became known as the Olive Branch Petition, in which Congress called for the King to come to Americas rescue. On the same day the petition was sent out, Franklin finally decided to let the public know where he stood on this great political issue. Rather than giving a moving speech or making obviously rebellious actions, Benjamin chose to write a letter to a dear friend in England, William Strahan. 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Groupthink and Asian Cultures Free Essays

Prabhjot Kaur Communication Theory Final Paper ASSUMPTIONS: A high level of cohesiveness is usually present when groupthink occurs, and there is a great reluctance on the part of group members to stray from the group’s position. They do not want to leave, be forced out, or be ignored by other members. This â€Å"oneness† associated with cohesiveness is typically a desirable condition except when the group relies too much on solidarity that the desirable ends are not focused on. We will write a custom essay sample on Groupthink and Asian Cultures or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are likely to operate in the group in a manner that seeks the approval and even affection of the other group members. This is not the same as wanting to please the group leader with little or no concern for the opinion of the other group members. Cohesiveness is just one of three conditions necessary for groupthink to exist. The second assumption relates to the process of problem solving in small groups marking it a usually unified process. When a group is given the task of making a decision they usually go in with the thought of reaching a unanimous decision and strive to get along. They are also susceptible to adapt to the cohesiveness of the group due to affiliative constraints. An affiliative constraint refers to members withholding their own opinions in fear of being rejected by the group. (West Turner, 243) This is vital to the outcome of groupthink because if the members with opposing views did not fear rejection and argued their views the decision making process would be further delayed and would affect the cohesiveness of the group. The third assumption is that groups and decision making are frequently complex. There must be other alternatives available than just the one option the group is picking and the members of the group must be aware of these options. If there are no other options then groupthink does not apply because there is no valid input being withheld by the members. Group members must know the who the other members are and be able to understand the position of the other members. Many factors such as â€Å"age, size of groups, intelligence of group members, gender composition, competitive nature of group members, and leadership styles that emerge in the group† (West Turner, 244), will affect on how group members behave and choose to challenge the group’s decision. Group members who are similar in one or many of these areas to one another are more conducive to groupthink. Homogeneity can foster groupthink among members and discourage them to challenge the group. (West Turner, 244) CONDITIONS THAT PROMOTE: The first condition that promotes groupthink is presence of the cohesiveness we discussed earlier causes pressure for members to conform. The other two conditions are; group structural factors and group stress. The structure of the group does affect the way the group will function when faced with a complex problem to solve. It is important for the group to have strong group insulation or â€Å"the ability to remain unaffected by outside influences† (West Turner, 246). Impartial leadership also can cause people to not have access to the full information available to help them make their decision. Leaders who have their own personal agenda prioritize that first before the well fare of the group. Final structural flaw that could lead to groupthink is the lack of decision-making procedures. If the procedures are not clearly established then the members have no structure to follow and reach a valid decision and can easily get lost in the influence of others to conform. Also, if there is no diversity in the backgrounds and experience present in the group then it may be very difficult for the group to be able to see all sides of the issue before making their final decision. PREVENT: West and Turner outline four major ways when discussing how to prevent groupthink. The first recommendation is to require oversight and control committee to enforce the procedures set for decision making and make them aware of their responsibility to challenge collectivism. The second recommendation is to embrace whistle blowing, so the members will report unethical or illegal practices. The third recommendation is to allow for objection because conscientious objectors who refuse to participate in the decision-making process due to violation of personal conscious need a safe environment for members to challenge the collective view without fearing rejection or other forms of negative reactions. The last recommendation is to balance consensus and majority rule. It is too much pressure to get a consensus instead it is better to work towards a majority decision. EXTENTION: Geert Hofstede is a Dutch social psychologist that did a study on of cultures across modern nations. Geert Hofstede (2001) defines Power Distance to â€Å"the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally†. The U. S. s considered a low power distance country, meaning within institutions and organizations here people relate to one another more as equals regardless of formal positions. However in high power distance countries the less powerful accept power relations that are higher in status. Hofstedes’ data from his study of over 40 countries shows that India has the highest power distance score for culture. This score implies a high level of inequality of power and wealth within society. This c ondition is a cultural norm for the India rather than a negative effect of groupthink. This presence of a high power distance helps facilitate groupthink. Sinha (2008) explains, â€Å"The seniors in a group set the pace and make decisions, which the rest of the group members are likely to accept without further questioning. † This custom is carried over to personal life as well where the elderly of the family will make decisions that the rest will follow. Geert Hofstede (2001), a Dutch social psychologist, defines power distance as â€Å"the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.   A low power distance country such as the United States is where individuals relate to one another more as equals regardless of formal positions; however, in high power distance countries like India, the less powerful accept power relations that are of higher status. Hofstedes’s cultural data research of 40 countries shows that India has the highest power distance sco re, which implies a high level of inequality of power and wealth within society. Sinha (2008) explains, â€Å"The seniors in a group set the pace and make decisions, which the rest of the group members are likely to accept without further questioning. †Ã‚  Ã‚  Rather than groupthink having a negative effect on group decision making, this is a cultural norm in India. This custom is carried over to personal life as well where the elderly of the family will make decisions for everyone. This presence of a high power distance facilitates groupthink in various aspects of Indian society. How to cite Groupthink and Asian Cultures, Papers

International Marketing Global Brand

Question: Discuss about theInternational Marketingfor Global Brand. Answer: Introduction: This report aims to give an account on the international marketing for a global brand. International marketing has become a serious concern since globalization has influenced the socio-economic factors to take a sharp turn from the previous scenarios. The concept of the globalization has helped brands to expand their market outside the parent country. This report has tried to make a paper that evaluates how global brands manage the situation when they are introducing their products or services in a foreign country. For this report, Starbucks has been selected to discuss how this country has expanded its business worldwide. Starbucks is an American coffeehouse chain; since the opening of the business in 1971, Starbucks has successfully expanded its market across around 50 countries. Till this date, Starbucks operates almost 17000 shops worldwide. Several types of research have revealed that Starbucks follows different strategies for different geographical divisions so that this giant chain can grab the maximum of the market (Hutt, 2016). In this report, China has been selected as the host country. This report has considered many aspects Starbucks have taken for the appropriate positioning of its products in Chinese tea drinking culture. Analysis of the influencing factors for the market expansion of Starbucks in China can be helpful in the establishment of a valid and approachable document. Explanation of the Strategies Adopted by Starbucks for the Chinese Market: Starbucks has successfully placed their products in different countries easily; however, it was different when the organization thought to enter the Chinese market in 1999; because Chinese culture only encourages drinking tea. Moreover, where other western food chains like Burger King, Dunkin Donut have failed to trace a market in China, it seemed difficult for Starbucks to establish a successful and steady market in that strong tea-drinking culture (Verbeke, 2013). However, Starbucks has become successful in China due to their strategic implementation of the customized ideas in China. As mentioned by, Smith Maguire and Hu (2013), the young generation has more inclined towards the western culture of leaving their culture and this factor is helping Starbucks to grow in the Chinese market. In addition, Wang (2012), mentioned that having coffee from Starbucks has become a symbolic status of the middle-class people in China; thus, Starbucks is gaining popularity among the majority of the Chinese population. Apart from that, Starbucks has also taken another approach to achieve their goal in the Chinese market; Starbucks has emphasized on the Chinese culture during its business set up in this country rather just plucking the entire western culture from its parent country that is America and implant it in the Chinese background (Burkitt, 2012). The management of the Starbucks has researched the economic and social context prior to setting up of their business in such critical country. Presently, Starbucks has 200 running stores in China; however, it is looking forward to expanding its business further here in spite of tough competition from the internal competitors and other situational factors. Here, different strategic approaches, taken by Starbucks, have been discussed below to understand the reason behind the successful business of the organization in China. Preferences to social concern: As mentioned by Peterson (2015), while an international organization determines to establish a business in a foreign country it should respect the social aspect of that country. This step is recommended because it helps that organization to be acknowledged with the demand of the community as well as the organization will be able to identify what measures are appropriate for the successful business expansion. Reports have revealed that Chinese people have grown a preference for Starbucks as it offers the environment they have wanted. Peaceful ambiance of Starbucks has attracted young people to meet their friends, office executives to hold a meeting; it has become a place for family gathering too. People in China want to have a coffee and sit for a while when they are drinking it rather having it in a rush hour as in America (Rein, 2012). To fulfil such demands Starbucks has focused on the larger pacing of their stores. Strategic market positioning: Positioning of the products is highly critical as it is the main measure that introduces the products to the consumers (Qian Xing, 2016). In this regard, Starbucks has adopted a smart strategy to place their coffee in tea drinking culture of the China. Starbucks has never optioned for any promotional campaigns and advertisements for their products as it would have been perceived as a threat to the local culture of drinking tea. Starbucks went for the option to locate their stores in such a position where it can fetch higher visibility and crowd to enjoy their service (Jang Jung, 2013). An important note must be shared in this context that is offering local drinks in their stores. Starbucks has introduced green tea and other local beverages along with treats like mooncake, customized for only the Chinese market; this step has helped Starbucks by turning the potential threat of rupturing the tea drinking culture of China into favour for the Starbucks. Smart pricing strategy: The economic conditions fluctuate in different countries to make any international project feasible global organizations are required to revise their pricing strategy as per the host country in such a way that it helps the brand to earn their expected revenue. In this concern, Starbucks has adopted a smart pricing strategy. The price of the Starbucks products is costlier in China than that of the America. Such higher pricing strategy has helped Starbucks to hold a profitable business in China in spite of the fact that a number of stores are not sufficient (Zhang, 2012). Apart from that, Starbucks roll out specialty products such as gift sets with the higher margin. Reports have revealed that Starbucks charge almost 20% more in China rather other countries; thus, it has become successful to yield the maximum revenue from the market. Partnership with local brands: It is important for an organization to understand the local business strategies and the trend of the market; thus, an organization can tie up with the local companies in that particular industry so that even minute and complicated issues can be solved easily (Wen, 2016). For China, the business scope is not same for each part of the country. The culture of the Northern part is not same as the culture of the Eastern China; moreover, the spending trend also differs from the coastal regions and island population (Hutt, 2016). To overcome such problems Starbucks has signed an agreement with three different local partners. In the northern part, it has entered a joint venture with Beijing Mei Da Coffee. In the eastern part, it has gone with the Uni-President and for the southern part; it has tied with Maxim's Caterers from Hong Kong. This strategy has proved beneficial for the Starbucks as each partner has brought different expertise as well as strengths of l ocal business so that Starbucks can easily give an insight into the preferences and taste of the local Chinese consumers. Employee management: This aspect cannot be overlooked while an organization is setting a business in a foreign country. Employee satisfaction is recommended as it is responsible for delivering the standard service and better performance. Employees are provided with adequate salary packages, healthy working environments, and prospering career paths. Meng and Wang (2015), suggested that there are many international companies where Chinese are treated as the second class citizens and given less important position in the overseas operations in China. However, Starbucks has given equal importance to each employee and appropriate position as per their capabilities. Apart from that, Starbucks management has given importance to the families of the workers; the families are invited to have interaction with the senior authorities of the company. As Chinese culture praises family involvement, this process helped to establish a reliable relationship with the employees (Jianfei, 2014). Establishm ent of an interactive and practical relationship with the employees has helped the organization to possess a strong working culture that has, in turn, assisted in successful business expansion in China. Examples of Different Strategies: This part has described few promotional and advertising strategies that Starbucks has adopted to make their business more approachable to the Chinese community. The opening of web account: Starbucks has opened a web account on the social platform of Weibo. This platform is very popular among the young generation and thus Starbucks can easily interact with maximum consumers with minimum time. Figure 1: Web account in Weibo (Source: Marketing China, 2017) Variation in the products and merchandise: Starbucks offer diverse products to meet the requirement of the Chinese market. It has customized its merchandises with brighter color contrast and Chinese graphics embedded in their merchandises. Figure 2: Customized merchandise for Chinese market (Source: Marketing China, 2017) Innovative campaigning: Starbucks has launched an innovative digital promotional campaigning with WeChat. The main agenda behind this strategy is to reach out around 500 million users of WeChat. Service users are given QR codes that they can get exciting coupons and gifts from Starbucks. QR codes are even printed on the coffee cups. Figure 3: Digital campaign with WeChat and QR code on the coffee cup (Source: Marketing China, 2017) Hence, it can be said that Starbucks has taken all possible steps to achieve the maximum popularity and success in the Chinese market. Starbucks has set its vision to capture the greater market for long terms; thus, these steps are appropriate in the current context. Conclusion: This report has given an overall explanation of the factors that have influenced the successful business set up of Starbuck in China. It was tough for a coffeehouse retail to establish a successful business in a country like China where people are fascinated with the tea-drinking culture. However, strategic management for the pricing of the products, positioning of the products, cultural embracement and employee management has boosted the business of Starbucks to expand their market share eventually. In a conclusory sentence, it can be said that Starbucks is required to focus on the long-term commitment to achieving massive success across the entire country. Reference List: Burkitt, L. (2012). Starbucks plays to local Chinese tastes.Wall Street Journal. Hutt, R. W. (2016). Reputation on the line: the Starbucks cases.Journal of Business Strategy,37(1), 19-26. Jang, Y. J., Jung, E. C. (2013, July). Studies on the Design Marketing Strategies in the Experiential Economy through the Case Study of the Starbucks Company.' InInternational Conference of Design, User Experience, and Usability(pp. 30-36). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Jianfei, X. (2014). Analysis of Starbucks Employees Operating Philosophy.International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(6). Marketing China,. (2017). How Starbucks is different in China - Marketing China. Marketing China. Retrieved 4 January 2017, from https://marketingtochina.com/how-starbucks-is-different-in-china/ Meng, Y., Wang, F. (2015). Chinese consumer perceived on experiential marketing approach used by Starbucks. Peterson, H. (2015). Ways Starbucks is Different in China. Qian, Y. A. N. G., Xing, T. U. (2016). Starbucks VS Chinese TeaStarbucks Brand Management Strategy Analysis in China.International Business and Management,12(1), 29-32. Rein, S. (2012). Why Starbucks succeeds in China and others haven't.Retrieved from USA Today website: https://usatoday30. usatoday. com/money/industries/food/story/2012-02-12/cnbc-starbucks-secrets-of-china-success/53040820/1. Smith Maguire, J., Hu, D. (2013). Not a simple coffee shop: local, global and glocal dimensions of the consumption of Starbucks in China.Social Identities,19(5), 670-684. Verbeke, A. (2013).International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Wang, H. H. (2012). Five things Starbucks did to get China right.Forbes: Business. Wen, S. (2016). Marketing strategies: Starbucks in China. Zhang, X. (2012). When Tea Leaf Meets Coffee Bean.

Sula Vineyards Company Analysis

Company background Founded in 1998, the privately owned Sula Vineyards Company has penetrated the wine industry in India due to its unique value addition approach to the company’s grapes. The company has expanded over the years from the annual production capacity of 150,000 litres in 1999 to 1,600, 000 in 2007 (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sula Vineyards Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Through securing good funding, the company has been in a position to develop series of wine. The company has partnered with several distributors to support its business activities. The wide market area for the Sula Vineyards may be attributed for its quick expansion and success. Nature of external environment Threat to market entry It is difficult for any aspiring wine manufacturing company to enter into the wine production industry in the Indian market and manage to brea k even easily. In Indian and across the neighbouring countries, the Sula Vineyards’ business magnitude together with that of its main competitors are well established and would easily enjoy economies of scale to the disadvantage of a new entrant. The Sula Vineyards Company is well position to survive in the competitive market through gaining form economies of scale, competitive price tags, and strong customer base (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Threat of substitutes The foreign and other local wine brands pose the greatest threat to Sula Vineyards’ existence and business performance. These brands have been in the wine industry for longer period and are well established than the Sula Vineyards which came into full operation in 1999. The other foreign and local wine brands have the same products as the Sula Vineyards’. Besides, they are in a position to offer large discounts and sponsor expensive promotion campaigns unlike the relatively smaller Sula Vineyards. Therefore, the other foreign and local wine brands have the ability to offer an alternative perfect substitute to customers who may be unsatisfied with the wines offered by the Sula Vineyards Company. Unsatisfied customers therefore have other alternatives from where they can get the wines. However, in order to remain relevant, the Sula Vineyards Company has established a unique market for its customer through tailored optometry wine products for the customers in the upper and lower economic ends of the Indian and neighbouring markets (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Power of suppliers The wine distributions and raw material providers in the Indian market have more power owing to the existence of many wine production companies. This leaves the distributors and suppliers with the power to dictate on proceedings in the wine industry such the f ees charged for each delivery. However, the Sula Vineyards has endeavoured to use its dynamic promotion and supply chain as a strategy for balancing the institutional forces (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Power of buyers Reflectively, the amounts of output in terms of customer consumption of the wines depend on their purchasing power (Wright, 2007). Sula Vineyards’ performance in the Indian wine industry depends highly on the power of the private consumers and the corporate segments. Fortunately, the Sula Vineyards Company is geared to further penetrate the market since it plans to introduce more products and better funding (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Rivalry There are several wine production companies operating in the same industry with virtually all of them dealing in a variety of the wine product. For instance, the foreign brand such as Guinness provides the biggest competition to Sula Vineyards due to its big market share and expanded network standing. In line wi th this, the Sula Vineyards Company will have to counter this rivalry by introducing more interesting products in its products line (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Company’s internal environment Strengths The stable management team comprising of two directors and several employees are instrumental towards providing necessary support and production of the quality wine in the Indian market. The Sula Vineyards Company has a solid understanding of the Indian wine market because of its series of products and distribution platforms. For instance, the company has different wine products.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Sula Vineyards Company Analysis specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Sauvignno Blanc, Chenin Blanc, Shiraz, Chilean Merlot, and Champagne Style Brut are some of its products that are created for the upper and lower economic ends market within and without India. The company has strong financial b ase which gives it a competitive advantage a head of its competitors. The company has a strong presence in the wines production industry due to its wide network of distribution channels (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Weaknesses The Sula Vineyards Company has limited its market to the United India since its export strategies to China and Singapore among other countries has not been very beneficial to the company in terms of revenues. This has limited its scope of operations. Some of the products offered by the company are duplicated despite the brand names and signature. This might cause confusion among the target clients. The company has not been in a position to monitor its growth or operation efficiency despite its long period in the Indian wine industry (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Opportunities The business has an opportunity to expand since the wine production does not have limitations. The business also has the opportunity of developing more products and services for i ts global market and the Indian market since the demand for wine in India is higher than the annual quantity supplied by all the wine production companies. For instance, the company may introduce a scotch or a ready to drink vodka brand. In addition, the company has the opportunity of introducing a lower alcohol content drink to target the women alcohol consumers market (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009). Threats Since the business is a threat to its competitors, they might retaliate by providing the wine consuming market with similar wines at a lower price. This will hurt the revenues of the Sula Vineyards Company since it relies heavily on the revenues from the local market (Lopez, Gilinsky and Shah, 2009).Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Besides, conglomerate diversification would be a threat to this company should the business decision environment conspire against its goals. For instance, changed preference for its wines is likely to affect the element of loyalty of the customers. Strategic analysis of the Sula Vineyards Company Since most of the models of management at the Sula Vineyards Company propose a linear format in decision making, responding to the issues raised by the customers often take a longer time than is expected by the clients. Thus, the company should change the linear approach to a more insightful customer support system. In order to be more competitive, the Sula Vineyards Company should introduce more products and offer free samples and discounts to its clients. Within the wine production industry in the India, the business magnitude of the Sula Vineyards Company is wide and well organized into different stores and has a strong presence in most of the stores and regions across India. The company has an extensive partnership network and very many products that will support its sustainability goals (Birdsall and Johnston, 2010). The company has stratified its target market into upper and lower economic end segments. The Sula Vineyards’ wine products are further classified into premium and ordinary in order to maximise the returns from customers from different social and economic backgrounds. Despite the relatively crowded market, Sula Vineyards has designed and integrated reliable and efficient distribution platform to ensure that they remain the most reliable provider of wine products across the regions of Indian and its neighbouring countries. The performance of the Sula Vineyards Company within the expansive wine production industry in India is highly dependent on the buyer-power in terms of their purchases of the wines. For instance, the numerous products and quality assurance strategies have ensured that the business is geared towards maximising its returns. Thro ugh competitive pricing, strategic expansion, and planned diversification, the Sula Vineyards Company has managed to establish a strong market niche in India despite the rivalry. At present, the company has a very responsive customer support and well organised distribution channel for its products. Sula Vineyards Company has a great opportunity for expansion since the market is inclined to its advantage. For instance, its innovative approach to addressing consumer quality price concerns and convenience via a well organized distribution network is an assurance for rapid expansion into new market niches. Recommendations The Sula Vineyards Company has the opportunity of diversifying marketing beyond its current scope of operations because of its wide supply chain channel. Specifically the company has the potential of penetrating the foreign market segment such as China, Singapore and even Korea. The company should entertain the idea of expanding its operations to all the countries in A sia since the wine production can be managed efficiently from a central point (Parente, 2006). The company should change its approach to strategic insight in execution of strategic plans rather than the current linear approach. Besides, the company should partner with financial providers in order to secure sufficient funding that can support a five year expansion plan. The company may also franchise its supply chain and human resource management in order to ensure efficiency in the use of factors of production and distribution channel (Roberts, 2005). Moreover, the company should introduce traditional marketing approach since the Indians are known to use products they can easily associate with their culture (Cheverton, 2004). Sula Vineyards Company can host annual parties/events and invite target clients along with existing clients in order to enhance the company’s reputation. In terms of personal selling, Sula Vineyards Company can appoint trained sales executives to attend seminars and expos in order to approach target customers and generate business. Wine has always been made in India. However, it has become a part of their culture and society ever since the wine glut was experienced by the Indian wine/viticulture industry. In modern day India and affluent society, there may be only two generations of significant wine drinkers. This is largely due to the fact that the new culture of wine has only been a part of Indian diversity since westernisation (Parente, 2006). Thus, re-branding the Sula Vineyards Company’s wine products to suit the Indian drinking culture will give the company an upper hand in the Indian wine/viticulture industry. References Birdsall, C., Johnston, N. (2010). Achieving brand-driven business success. Design Management Review. 19(2), 67-74. Cheverton, P. (2004). Key Marketing skills: strategies, tools, and techniques for marketing success. London, UK: Kogan Page. Lopez, R., Gilinsky, A., Shah, J. (2009). Sula Vineyards. C ase Research Journal, 30(1), 1-19. Parente, D. (2006). Advertising campaign strategy: A Guide to Marketing Communication Plans. Ohio, Oh: Thomson South-Western. Roberts, J. (2005). Defensive marketing: How a strong incumbent can protect its position. Harvard Business Review, 83(11), 150-210. Wright, P. (2007). A refinement of Porter’s strategies. Strategic Management Journal, 8(1), 93-101. This essay on Sula Vineyards Company Analysis was written and submitted by user Br0therh00d0fEv1lMutants to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Avon Case Analysis

Andrea Jung’s Makeover of Avon When first reading this article, one thinks that there is nothing wrong with Avon, and that Andrea Jung has completely turned this company around. However, through careful analysis, one can see that there are still problems within Avon that must be corrected if they intend to compete in the hectic and chaotic world of the cosmetic, fragrance, and toiletry (CFT) industry. One problem that Avon faces is the strong competition within fields they are trying to expand into. Avon is marketing a nutritional product line called Wellness, which includes vitamins, supplements, bars, etc. This market is competitively strong, with such nation-wide retailers as GNC, Vitamin World, Walgreens, and countless other drug stores and grocers that carry substitute items, which may be less expensive. The best recommendation I can give is to strongly suggest doing market research before engaging in branching off into other forms of product lines. Avon should stick to what it knows (cosmetics), and when they are at the top, then branch off into other ventures. Avon also faces a poor brand image. Most women view Avon as â€Å"my grandmother’s brand† or â€Å"not for me†. One of the fastest growing demographic sets is that of the teen and preteen. This market is one yet penetrated by Avon. In order to penetrate the teen/preteen markets, Avon must produce quality and practical products that young women will be attracted to, use, and to buy them more than once. To accomplish this, an increase in R&D’s allocation of funds must be needed. In addition to increasing funds, Avon can aggressively pursue new talent, whether that is recruiting top talent directly out of college, or offering higher salaries and options to competitor’s star employees/researchers. A third problem faced by Avon is that of keeping and retaining Avon representatives. There seems to be growing animosity between reps and the corporation. ... Free Essays on Avon Case Analysis Free Essays on Avon Case Analysis Andrea Jung’s Makeover of Avon When first reading this article, one thinks that there is nothing wrong with Avon, and that Andrea Jung has completely turned this company around. However, through careful analysis, one can see that there are still problems within Avon that must be corrected if they intend to compete in the hectic and chaotic world of the cosmetic, fragrance, and toiletry (CFT) industry. One problem that Avon faces is the strong competition within fields they are trying to expand into. Avon is marketing a nutritional product line called Wellness, which includes vitamins, supplements, bars, etc. This market is competitively strong, with such nation-wide retailers as GNC, Vitamin World, Walgreens, and countless other drug stores and grocers that carry substitute items, which may be less expensive. The best recommendation I can give is to strongly suggest doing market research before engaging in branching off into other forms of product lines. Avon should stick to what it knows (cosmetics), and when they are at the top, then branch off into other ventures. Avon also faces a poor brand image. Most women view Avon as â€Å"my grandmother’s brand† or â€Å"not for me†. One of the fastest growing demographic sets is that of the teen and preteen. This market is one yet penetrated by Avon. In order to penetrate the teen/preteen markets, Avon must produce quality and practical products that young women will be attracted to, use, and to buy them more than once. To accomplish this, an increase in R&D’s allocation of funds must be needed. In addition to increasing funds, Avon can aggressively pursue new talent, whether that is recruiting top talent directly out of college, or offering higher salaries and options to competitor’s star employees/researchers. A third problem faced by Avon is that of keeping and retaining Avon representatives. There seems to be growing animosity between reps and the corporation. ...

Olympic Cities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Olympic Cities - Essay Example Burbank and Charles H. Heying (2001) titled â€Å"Olympic Cities: Lessons Learned from Mega Event Politics†. The objective of the essay is to observe the relationship between resident’s attitudes towards Tourism and tourism development options. Methodology As part of the survey methodology different cities were selected where the event already been held. The survey was conducted on three cities which have experienced bidding as well as staging the Olympic game in areas such as Atlanta, Los Angeles and Salt Lake City. The focus in mainly on the Olympics as it has become the mega event during the global economic competition. The survey is conducted only on US cities due to the political economy of the federal system. The American cities are in a unique position with regards to hosting large events such as Olympics. Mega events occur with multi-dimensional and multipurpose of the aspect. The events in each city are examined over three key stages which involves, bidding for the game, organising and post games legacy. The three cities differ in terms of size, political history, social consumption and economic base. Therefore by comparing the cities the main aim is to identify the features of relationship between consumption based economic development and mega event strategy in urban politics. The journal Olympic cities: Lessons learned from mega events, which aim to address the challenges and opportunities in hosting the Olympic Games and focusing on cities of Salt Lake City, Atlanta and Los Angeles. The focus is mainly on the adoption of strategy to conduct the mega event and the effect it had on urban policy. To begin with an overview of consumption on economic development has been discussed which had two dimensions which includes building convention centres and sports development. Comparative Analysis The comparatively analysis is done on three cities where Olympic was held. The three factors that was taken into consideration was bidding for the gam e, staging and finally Olympic legacies. As per the rules of IOC only cities are allowed to bid for the Olympics and host the event. In bidding process, Los Angeles bid was mainly initiated by a group named pro growth by business leaders and civic notables who were operating in the Southern California Committee for the Olympics games (SCCOG). The group rose about $158,000 funds in order to finance the bid activities. The SCCOG was established in the year 1939 after the city hosted the summer games. The country bided for the Olympic in order to bring back the games in Los Angeles. The main reason in order to get back the games were the chances for the city to display on a global stage, increase the opportunity for high revenue and the intangibles that was likely to enhance the current position of the city. For the president of SCCOG, John Argue the goal was to bring the games to the city at no cost to taxpayer. After winning the bid Los Angeles did not have any competition at the int ernational level. In 1984 Los Angeles was the only viable choice to host the event of Olympics. Whereas unlike Loss Angeles, Atlanta did not6 have any organisation to initiate a bid for the Olympics. Although much of the initiative was taken by small group of lawyer and college football player named Billy Payne who represents the city as entrepreneur for Olympics. Only after the support for hosting the game was supported by Atlanta’s business and political elite, the city was able to bid for the Olympic. Atlanta was awarded the game in 1990 and it meant a lot for the city to host the event and what is meant to the residents of the city. Similar like Los Angles, the Salt Lake City had interest to host the Olympics since

Haitian poverty crisis and the state of their economy now and then Essay

Haitian poverty crisis and the state of their economy now and then - Essay Example Along with the poverty has come all of the problems associated with the disadvantage of being relegated near the bottom of the world's socio-economic class. Rampant crime, health problems, high infant mortality, and limited life span all further burden a society already faced with the struggle of trying to provide the basics of life. The political system has been wracked by upheaval and instability for two centuries as dictators and the military have vied for power with no thought of elevating the standard of living for the people. The failure of leadership in Haiti, and racist policies in Washington DC, have allowed two hundred years of exploitation and kept Haiti locked in a cycle of poverty. By almost every measure, Haiti is the poorest nation in the Western Hemisphere and one of the poorest in the world. The situation is getting even worse as the last 50 years have seen a stagnation in the Haitian economy and a real decline in the gross national product (Sletten and Egset 5). The gap between the wealthy and the poor is extreme in Haiti and average incomes or median incomes do not tell the whole story. The top 10 percent consume almost 50 percent of the country's resources (CIA). No meaningful official unemployment data exists, but two-thirds of the population have no formal jobs and 80 percent of the people live below the poverty line (CIA). Almost 60 percent of the people are classed as extremely poor and live on less than $1 per day (Sletten and Egset 9). This is almost double the rate of El Salvador and four times the rate of Guatemala and Bolivia. According to Sletten and Egset, "Haiti is not only the poorest country in Latin America, but also the most unequal in a region that is already the most unequal in the world" (9). These are the statistics that form the backdrop of Haiti's poverty. While the statistics on Haiti's poverty are bleak, the location of the poverty imparts an even more disparate picture. Most Haitians live in rural areas and almost 4 out of 5 extremely poor people live in a rural area (Sletten and Egset 10). When poverty is measured in terms of access to public services, this segment of the population suffers further. Access to services such as electricity, education, roads, clean water, and health care is dependent on where a person lives in Haiti (Sletten and Egset 15). In addition, the policy of privatization has placed almost all public services in the hands of the ruling class. According to Gros, "Nearly two-hundred years of informal privatization of the state have left Haiti lacking the capacity to deliver even the most basic of public services; security and justice" (223). The better neighborhoods are better served by these services and the denial in the rural areas of access to basic services further impoverishes this portion of the populatio n. The extremely poor in the rural areas are left with a subsistence wage and no access to the public services, such as education, that might hold some hope for breaking out of the cycle of poverty. The reasons that Haiti continues to be locked in poverty in today's world of globalization can be better understood by examining their history. Haiti claimed independence in 1804 when there was a slave rebellion. This freed the slaves and gave them independence from France. However, through the lens of the US and European powers, "independent Haiti would be viewed continually as a threat to hemispheric and

Meeting Organizational Aims and Commitment in Healthcare

Meeting Organizational Aims and Commitment in Healthcare Managing a healthcare facility or a healthcare organization with diverse and multicultural employees requires an exquisite and well updated policies and procedures. These would become the governing principle and plan that guides every action, stating what should and how should an action be done. But before an organization put up these policies and procedures, it should first have clarified its organizational aims and with the help of these policies and procedures, fulfilment of these aims will follow. Organizational aims are the goals or objectives that an organization seeks to achieve. It is something that an organization has envisioned to happen. And in order to meet its aim the organization then has to establish the mechanisms it will use in order to achieve those ends, draw up some plan and come up with a strategy. By setting aims or objectives, organizations give themselves a sense of purpose and direction. This provides a frame of reference around which to create their plans. With an overall plan in place, a company or organization can set particular targets and monitor its progression towards reaching them.[1] In a healthcare setting, one of the most important factors to consider in setting up an aim is that everybody’s right would be equal especially in a healthcare institution with differences in employees’ culture and with diverse nationalities. The best example of an aim with this kind of setting would be to provide diversity and equality to all in employment regardless of their gender, ethnic origin, age, nationality and national origin, disabilities, sexuality, religion or belief, social class as well as marital status. Organizational aim should also include opposition to any form of unlawful and unfair discrimination. Example of this would be the fair or equal treatment to all employees, whether part-time, full-time or just temporary. Even those with disabilities, male or female or anyone with different gender orientation should be treated with respect. Another important aim of an organization that promotes equality is giving the same opportunities for employment, prom otion, training or any other benefit to everybody. Everybody will be justified on the basis of their ability and disposition not because of the differences in age, races and other areas of discrimination. For example is that age shouldn’t be a matter in choosing who the organization will employ. Everybody in different ages should be welcomed and given opportunities because it doesn’t always mean that the older the age, the lesser the ability to learn new things or the older the greater experience. It should be the organization’s purpose to encourage and help all the employees to develop their full potential for them to exercise their talents and resources. This will lead to full utilization of the workforce and creative innovations of employees will be fully utilised and also, the efficiency of the organisation will be maximised. Having these aims and objectives in an organization will definitely address disparities in every individual and will lead to a cultura lly sensitive and globally competitive organization. Addressing inequalities and disparities in a workplace is not an easy task but as long as the organization or institution sticks or would not lose sight to its goal of promoting equality and diversity then everything will fall to its place. Reaching organizational aims requires organizational commitment. The level of employee’s commitment greatly affects the system of the whole organization. Organizational commitment to promote employees’ well-being in a workplace should be a must for every organization. It serves as the guide of an organization of its obligation to every employee with which, should be leading to equality and diversity principles and policies. Moreover, this also has an effect on whether the employee will remain with the organization and to perform with greater effectiveness. A healthcare organization commitment should be based on its organizational aim. Its commitment is to build an environment in which individual disparities and the contributions of all the staff are acknowledged and are given importance. Every employee is entitled to a work in an environment that uplifts the dignity and respect to all and no form of coercion, bullying or persecution will be tolerated. The healthcare organization should also be in charge of continuity of progress and development of employees through provision of trainings or in house seminars. This would help them become more confident and knowledgeable in every aspect of the organization system which will then make them an effective part of it. WRITING EQUALITY AND DIVERSITY POLICY Equality policy reflects the commitment of an organization to equal opportunities. It is an assurance for all employees and also to potential employees that they will be treated fairly and considerately. Developing equality policy is one of the important factors in building a sustainable organization. It gives forth on rich diversity of society and provides equal favourable circumstances for everyone involved. What is an equality policy? An Equality Policy is a written statement showing that an organisation actively opposes discrimination. It demonstrates commitment to making the organisation a fully accessible and inclusive place that welcomes and respects diversity.[2] All organisations must be apprehensive of their legal obligations regarding discrimination by reviewing it in various Acts of Parliament. In writing equality and diversity policies, the management committee should engage employees and everyone involved in an organization. It should be developed in consultation with them and it should be supported by everyone in the organization. This will enable the organization to develop a more inclusive and comprehensive policy addressing equality issues which will also make its implementation easier. The policy of the organization should have four distinct parts. The policy should contain a statement of the organization’s aim to encourage, value and manage diversity, specifically there is no harassment and bullying; the commitment to provide equality for all and also the intention to take constructive ways to encourage cooperation. Moreover, the list of objectives that the organization seeks to achieve and the procedures to take the aims into action should also be included in the policy. Most importantly, it should be monitored, evaluated and reviewed upon certain amount of times. The areas of discrimination that an organization will counter should then be identified. These are usually age, disability, physical appearance, gender reassignment, marriage and civil partnership, pregnancy and maternity, race (including ethnic origin, colour, nationality and national origin), religion or belief (including philosophical belief), sex and sexual orientation.[3] In the organization ’s policy statement, it should recognize that there are certain people or group of people in the society who are discriminated and that it is opposed to it and will take steps to counter it. Objectives in every organization may vary but it may include ensuring that all workers and management committee receive training on issues about equality and diversity and no one experiences discrimination, bullying or harassment of any sort. What about the action plan? Without an action plan with regular monitoring and reviews to back it up, no matter how well-written the policy is, there is no way of ensuring it has any significance. The action should be detailed on about what will be done, when it should be done and by whom. The organization should set dates on when they will do monitoring, reviewing procedures, and training. Setting out minimum standards of behavior and making sure everyone is aware of them is an important procedure. The organization should also develop procedures for dealing with breaches of the code like grievance policies, harassment or bullying policies and if somebody had breached it, there should be a corresponding consequence. The organization should also establish programs providing equality and diversity training to everyone and they should be aware and be familiar with the procedures so that they will also know what is expected of them when they are implemented. Equality and diversity policy must be monitored continually by which statistical information is collected and results are evaluated. The purpose of monitoring is to enable you to examine how the policy and action plan are working and if they are not working well the organization can make necessary revisions to put it right. Monitoring involves gathering individual personal information on the diversity of potential recruits or existing employees and comparing and analyzing this against other groups of employees in the organization. This monitoring poses a problem as workers are not obliged to provide information about them so one way to gather information could be done through confidential surveys and questionnaires. Policy should clearly state as who will be responsible for monitoring, evaluating and reviewing the policies and how often it should be done. REFERENCES: Acas (2014). Delivering equality and diversity. Retrieved from  http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=818 Beyond Barriers. Equality and diversity, how to write an inclusive equality policy.  Retrieved from http://www.stonewall.org.uk/beyond_barriers/information/equality_and_diversity/1134.asp#1 Liff, S.(2006). Diversity and equal opportunities: Room for constructive  compromise?. Retrieved from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1748-8583.1999.tb00190.x/abstract;jsessionid=3D5E2E8F40E7E3AFD2127B49BDB290AE.f03t02?deniedAccessCustomisedMessage=userIsAuthenticated=false Michellin (2014). Business aims, objectives, and values. Retrieved from  http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/michelin/business-aims-objectives-and-values/aims-and-objectives.html#ixzz34ODthJ95 Owitzy, S. O. (2014). The impact of organizational commitment on effectiveness of  banks in Nigeria: A study of selected banks in Makudi Metropolis. Retrieved from http://www.academia.edu/2928313/THE_IMPACT_OF_ORGANISATIONAL_COMMITMENT_ON_EFFECTIVENESS_OF_BANKS_IN_NIGERIA_A_STUDY_OF_SELECTED_BANKS_IN_MAKURDI_METROPOLIS University of Florida College of Medicine (2014).Research and intervention program-aims and objectives. Retrieved from http://ufhealthdisparities.med.ufl.edu/about/aims-objectives/ [1] Michellin (2014). Business aims, objectives, and values. Retrieved from http://businesscasestudies.co.uk/michelin/business-aims-objectives-and-values/aims-and-objectives.html#ixzz34ODthJ95 [2] Beyond Barriers. Equality and diversity, how to write an inclusive equality policy. Retrieved from http://www.stonewall.org.uk/beyond_barriers/information/equality_and_diversity/1134.asp#1 [3] Acas (2014). Delivering equality and diversity. Retrieved from http://www.acas.org.uk/index.aspx?articleid=818

Child Slavery

In the 21st century we have millions of people living with the constant uncertainty of waking up tomorrow. They are not dying of old age – their life has Just begun, they are not living with cancer – their life expectancy Is much shorter, but they are amongst the 27 million men, women and children Involved In the impoverished slave trade. As an ambassador for anti-slavery, I Emma Smith, do not need to argue the wrongfulness of slavery for, as stated by Frederick Douglass In 1 852, â€Å"there Is not a man beneath the canopy of heaven who does not know that slavery is wrong†. On numerous occasions I have witnessed the horror firsthand.I have watched as the statistics continue to exponentially increase. And I have inevitably visited the graves of those who have paved the ultimate price. It is for this reason that I demand change for the better, change for the future and change for the victims who's pleads go unheard. How in the day of modern technology, can we as a society, have allowed the continuation of these horrific acts of slavery to progress from centuries ago? As you should know, the International Labor Organization formally defined forced Barbour, or slavery, at the forced labor convention In 1930.This definition Is still relevant today and dictates that forced labor Is considered â€Å"all work or service which Is exacted from any person under the threat of a penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself or herself voluntarily. † However, for far too long violations against your human rights doctrine have occurred and consequently, these discrepancies in the system are having detrimental effects. Of the population of slaves in the world today a large percentage is comprised of young innocent children.Can you imagine your child being ripped away from your arms and disposed of to the highest bidder, like sheep in the market? It might sound cruel, it might sound careless, it might sound corrupt but this is the re ality for many defined by their cultural attitude and lack of political interference in the cocoa industry. â€Å"While the term slavery has a variety of historical contexts, slavery in the cocoa industry involves the same core human rights violations as other forms of slavery throughout the world† and consumers are oblivious.In developed countries we acknowledge that chocolate homebodies happiness, gratification and luxury but for those children enslaved on the Ivory Coast, yet to taste a morsel of chocolate, its symbolism is quite the opposite. At present, 900 million kilograms of chocolate is consumed each year of which 40 percent is believed to have been contaminated with slavery. A young boy named Amanda was lucky enough to have escaped the exploitation in Africa and pronounces that â€Å"when people eat chocolate, they eat my flesh. Child slavery is the secret ingredient in chocolate however this must stop, this must cease and the inexcusable tactics have to come to an end. The cocoa industry has benefited from the use of forced labor since the early 1 9th century. However, a re-examination of past preventative measures along with a coherent framework for future success will enable a productive start to ceasing all child slavery. You, as the united Nations, have the potential to Intervene as violations of your doctrines have occurred for centuries. So why has nothing yet been established? My organization and a collaboration of others plead for intervention.We demand a review of the existing conventions on Furthermore we ask of you to force political involvement in affected countries and with this include resources and funds to ensure that the industry is no longer commercially viable. Finally, the extremity of this situation should involve the disallowing of imports and exports of cocoa which have been tampered by this horrific slavery. In order to cease the production of money through the blood, sweat and tears of all those suffering in bondage, labor camps and disease-ridden chains, the commitment of the United Nations has become imperative.The slavery industry s growing however, this is one industry which must not benefit from growth. You have heard the statistics and you have heard the facts but now is the time for change. No longer can countries, such as Africa, continue to economically exploit the vulnerable and companies must not resort to the use of child slave labor in order to keep prices competitive. I have called for change and I can now only hope that this will be achieved.

Advertising Writing

In advertising writing, mark reliability was characterized as how much buyers create enthusiastic connection to a brand through their sense of duty regarding rehash buys of organization's items without aiming to change to others. Peng et al. (2016) additionally characterized mark devotion as the readiness of clients to keep their associations with a specific brand on the long haul. The other measurement which is mark picture was portrayed in the writing as the general impression that is slanted in customers' recollections about a brand (Hanaysha and Hilman, 2015). That is, mark picture can be communicated in light of the perspectives and assessments of customers about a brand's items or administrations (Laasch and Conaway, 2014). Additionally, mark inclination alludes to purchaser's choice to pick or buy a specific brand within the sight of other contending ones, and it can be shaped in view of past encounters or the suggestions of others. At last, mark administration was characterized in past writing as the upper hand that a brand has over its rivals (Zarantonello and Pauwels-Delassu, 2015). It mirrors the view of clients about the particular capacities of a brand in accomplishing greatness and giving novel offerings which are difficult for contenders to duplicate or emulate.  Word of MouthWith the expanding interest of clients and high rivalry among different ventures, associations began to search for better approaches to serve clients to enhance and maintain their upper hands. A key differential preferred standpoint that a firm or brand can have is the positive verbal proposal by its fulfilled clients. The importance of verbal exchange is settled as the most powerful specialized apparatus to drive purcha sers' responses toward a brand. Past writing announced that positive verbal exchange is more viable than publicizing procedure (Day, 1971). Hawkins et al. (2004) saw verbal exchange as a key factor that clients have a tendency to depend on before settling on buy choices, and is reflected through the and encounters shared by others toward specific items, administrations, and brands. Word of mouth was additionally characterized by Arndt (1967) as â€Å"oral individual to individual correspondence between a beneficiary and a communicator whom the collector sees as non-business, with respect to a brand, an item or an administration†. The key thought of Word of mouth is coordinated towards sharing and imparting buyers' learning and suppositions about the items or administrations of a specific brand sandwich others. As a rule, verbal exchange includes any mutual data about a brand which can be transmitted starting with one shopper then onto the next through individual discussions or by means of different devices of correspondence (Brown et al., 2005). In past writing, Word of mouth was broadly acknowledged as a key customary and exceedingly compelling component of promoting correspondence which is portrayed by taken a toll viability (Godes et al., 2005; Hogan et al., 2004). Likewise, Kotler et al. (2014) considered verbal exchange as the fundamental showcasing instrument that can be immediately exchanged among clients at exceptionally negligible cost. These days, verbal exchange has gotten higher significance from clients as a dependable specialized device on account of their less enthusiasm for publicizing and other customary media. Lang and Hyde (2013) showed that verbal exchange can be fortified through showcasing specialized devices, for example, publicizing, VIP support, and advancements. As per Taghizadeh et al. (2013), Word of mouth is a capable promoting factor that got noteworthy accentuation from different specialist organizations, especially, those whose organizations center around impalpable offerings. In such administrations, clients depend for the most part on the given counsel and suggestions by others, companions or relatives who had past involvement in utilizing that administration. Additionally, shoppers generally have a tendency to create trust toward companions and relatives more than the interchanges started by the brand itself, and this affirms the importance of Word of mouth as a promoting device (Ng et al., 2011). In past investigations, certain researchers inferred that Word of mouth affected brand value (Murtiasih et al., 2013; Rezvani et al., 2012). Herr et al. (1991) likewise showed that positive verbal exchange among clients can strengthen mark affiliation quality, as the data exhibited through eye to eye way is probably going to be more dependable than those conveyed in a less striking way. Virvilaite et al. (2015) demonstrated that customers esteem verbal data, since it conveys different messages to them about a brand, and such data can influence mark value and its benefits; image faithfulness and brand affiliation. Also, Hoyer and MacInnis (2001) found that positive Word of mouth was the most critical factor to influence mark notoriety, and their outcomes are in accordance with Cornelissen (2000) who embraced the commitment of verbal exchange to corporate notoriety. Y?ld?z (2015) additionally revealed that verbal exchange has a huge association with mark value measurements; mark picture, mark affiliation, mark mindfulness, and brand faithfulness. Thus, Torlak et al. (2014) reasoned that verbal exchange has a critical and positive relationship with purchaser's buy aims and brand picture. In light of the above discourse, the speculations of this investigation are exhibited as takes after:H1: Word of mouth has a critical association with mark picture.H2: Word of mouth has a critical association with mark unwaveringness.H3: Word of mouth has a huge association with mark inclination.H4: Word of mouth has a critical association with mark administration.H5: Word of mouth has a huge association with general brand value.MethodologyThis investigation is intended to look at the connection between Word of mouth and brand value in the fast food industry. The information was gathered from the clients of global fast food eateries in east drift Malaysia utilizing study strategy. In particular, 384 polls were actually conveyed on the focused on respondents in the wake of preparation them about the motivation behind this investigation. Amid information gathering, the respondents were screened first before giving them the poll so as to affirm their acknowledgment to take an interest in this examination. To guarantee that the base required example size could be gotten, the information was gathered utilizing comfort inspecting method. In addition, a few researchers (Hameed, 2013; Severi et al., 2014; Y?ld?z, 2015) depended on accommodation inspecting technique in gathering their information. In outlining the overview, each build was estimated in light of an arrangement of things with reference to past investigations. For example, four things were utilized to quantify verbal exchange in light of the investigation of Goyette et al. (2010). The needy variable; mark value as expressed in the before segments comprises of four components; mark picture, mark dependability, mark inclination, and brand authority. Brand picture was estimated by five things which were proposed by Jin et al. (2012) and Park (2009). So also, a four-things scale was utilized to quantify and operationalize mark faithfulness. The things were created in light of the investigations of Gil et al. (2007) and Hameed (2013). Furthermore, a four items scale was used to gauge mark inclination, and it was taken from Sirgy et al. (1997). Thus, five things were utilized for estimating brand administration in light of the examination of Hanaysha and Hilman (2015). A five-point Liker scale that extents from 1 (firmly deviate) to 5 (unequivocally concur) was utilized as a part of estimating the chose things.Data AnalysisAs expressed before, 384 overview polls were appropriated on the respondents; be that as it may, just 293(76.3%) were eager to participate in noting the survey. The investigations of statistic information uncovered that roughly 33.1% are male, while 66.9% are spoken to by female. Right around 19.4% of those respondents fall under the age classification of 16to 25 years, however 53.2% fall under the age assemble t hat extended from 26 to 35 years. Be that as it may, the individuals who spoke to the age gathering of 36 to 45 years represented 20.5% of general reaction, while 6.9% were 46 years of age or above. The instructive profile likewise uncovered that 79 (26.9%) of the respondents had the most astounding capability of school declaration, 111 (37.9%) got undergrad testament, 34 (11.6%) get postgraduate confirmation, while 69 (23.6 %) had recognition authentication. The vast majority of the members (55.7%) get RM3000 as month to month wage, 16.3% get month to month salary of under RM500. Those whose month to month wage ran amongst RM500 and RM1000 are spoken to by 6.8%, whereas21.2% get a month to month salary amongst RM1000 and RM3000. To quantify the builds' dependability, this examination depended on Cronbach's alpha. The discoveries demonstrated that the greater part of the develops surpassed the base fair estimation of 0.7 as indicated by the recommendations of Pallant (2007); informal (0.849), mark picture (0.826), mark initiative (0.780), mark devotion (0.852), and mark inclination (0.891). In the wake of testing the dependability of develops, the estimation display was then surveyed utilizing AMOS 18. Also, corroborative factor examination was directed on AMOS 18, and the outcomes demonstrated that the rest of the things as appeared in Appendix An accomplished satisfactory factor stacking estimations of more than 0.50. Consequently, concurrent legitimacy is affirmed. The investigation additionally demonstrated that there are no Multi collinearity issues in the screened information as the relationship esteems between any match of develops were under 0.90 as suggested by Tabachnick and Fidell (2007).