N Acetylcysteine Quality Control

N Acetylcysteine Quality Control N-acetylcysteine (C5H9NO3S Mr 163.2) is the N-acetyl subordinate of the normally happening amino corrosive, l-cysteine. The medication happens as a white, crystalline powder with a slight acidic smell. N-acetylcysteine is openly solvent in water and in liquor. N-acetylcysteine is industrially accessible as fluid arrangements of the sodium salt of the medication. It is utilized as a mucolytic or as a cure for paracetamol. The British Pharmacopeia contains various tests for this compound intended to guarantee the quality. N-acetylcysteine acts to lessen bodily fluid consistency by parting disulfide bonds connecting proteins present in the bodily fluid (mucoproteins). Breathed in N-acetylcysteine is shown for mucolytic (bodily fluid dissolving) treatment as an adjuvant in respiratory conditions with unreasonable or potentially thick bodily fluid creation. Such conditions incorporate emphysema, bronchitis, tuberculosis, bronchiectasis, amyloidosis, pneumonia. It is likewise utilized post-operatively, as a symptomatic guide, and in tracheostomy care. It might be viewed as ineffectual in cystic fibrosis (Rossi, 2006). Be that as it may, an ongoing paper in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences reports that high-portion oral N-acetylcysteine adjusts irritation in cystic fibrosis and can possibly counter the interweaved redox and fiery uneven characters in CF (Tirouvanziam et al., 2006). Oral N-acetylcysteine may likewise be utilized as a mucolytic in less genuine cases. N-acetylcysteine additionally acts to expand glutathione saves (drained by harmful paracetamol metabolites) in the body and, along with glutathione to straightforwardly tie to poisonous metabolites. These activities serve to shield hepatocytes in the liver from poisonousness due to paracetamol overdose. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine is shown for the treatment of paracetamol (acetaminophen) overdose. Oral N-acetylcysteine for this sign is extraordinary as it is inadequately endured attributable to the high dosages required (because of poor oral bioavailability), horrendous taste or scent and unfavorable medication responses (especially sickness and retching). Be that as it may, a few people have demonstrated an antagonistic sensitivity to intravenous N-acetylcysteine which incorporates extraordinary breathing trouble, dizziness, rashes, extreme hacking and now and again additionally heaving. Rehashed overdoses will make the hypersensitive response deteriorate and more awful. N-acetylcysteine is inclined to both hydrolysis and oxidation and a portion of the contaminations from these responses are demonstrated as follows. Plan 2 2. Test: 2.1. Materials: The materials utilized in this investigation were N-acetylcysteine powder, disodium edentate arrangement, 1M sodium hydroxide and blended phosphate support pH 7.0, water, weaken hydrochloric corrosive, potassium iodine arrangement, 0.05M iodine, 0.1M sodium hydroxide, starch, phenol red and phenolphthalein as markers. The mechanical assembly utilized were optical revolution analyser, cone shaped jars, 10mL and 50mL pipettes, burette, electronic gauge parity and measuring glasses. 2.2. Strategies: a) Specific optical turn: +21ãÅ"Ã¥ to +27ãÅ"Ã¥ 1.25g N-acetylcysteine powder was gauged and permitted break up in a blend of 1ml of 10g/L arrangement of disodium edentate, 7.5ml of 1M sodium hydroxide and adequate measure of blended phosphate support pH 7.0 to 25ml absolute volume. Optical turns of the newly arranged arrangement and the old arrangements of N-acetylcysteine gave were estimated and recorded. b) ASSAY: 98.0%-101.0% C5H9NO3S (as dried material) 0.14g N-acetylcysteine powder was weighed by distinction and filled a conelike cup. 60 ml of water and 10ml weaken hydrochloride corrosive were estimated and included into the cone shaped jar. The conelike flagon was shaking to guarantee the N-acetylcysteine powder was completely disintegrated. The arrangement was left to cool. Another 10ml of potassium iodide arrangement was included into the cooled arrangement in the tapered jar. The arrangement was then titrated with 0.05M iodine by utilizing starch as pointer. Second titration was completed to guarantee exact and exact outcome. c) Assay by titration with 0.1M sodium hydroxide 0.3g N-acetylcysteine powder was weighed by contrast and filled a clean funnel shaped jar. Roughly 50 ml of refined water was estimated and included into the tapered cup. The funnel shaped carafe was shaking to guarantee the N-acetylcysteine powder was completely broken up. The arrangement was titrated with 0.1M sodium hydroxide utilizing phenol red as pointer. Second titration was completed to guarantee exact and exact outcome. 0.3g N-acetylcysteine powder was weighed by contrast and filled a clean cone shaped jar. Around 50 ml of refined water was estimated and included into the conelike cup. The tapered flagon was shaking to guarantee the N-acetylcysteine powder was completely disintegrated. The arrangement was titrated with 0.1M sodium hydroxide utilizing phenolphthalein as pointer. Second titration was completed to guarantee exact and exact outcome. d) Zinc: Not more than 10ppm Zinc 1.00g of N-acetylcysteine powder was gauged and broken up in 0.001M hydrochloric corrosive. The arrangement was weakened to 50ml with 0.001M hydrochloric corrosive and arrangement 1 was acquired. Three arrangements were set up for examination. The primary arrangement comprises of 10ml arrangement 1 weakened to 20ml with 0.001M hydrochloric corrosive, second arrangement comprises of 10ml arrangement 1 and 1ml of 5ppm zinc standard weakened to 20ml with 0.001M hydrochloric corrosive and the third arrangement comprises of 10ml arrangement 1 and 2ml of 5ppm zinc standard weakened to 20ml with 0.001M hydrochloric corrosive. The absorbance of every arrangement was estimated at 213.8nm utilizing a nuclear retention spectrophotometer. The absorbance for every arrangement was classified. The zinc content in each example was determined utilizing the strategy for standard expansion. e) Loss on drying: Not more than 1.0%w/w An example of N-acetylcysteine was dried at 70ãÅ"Ã¥ C in vacuo for 3 hours and the information was recorded and the rate misfortune on drying of this example was determined. f) Related substances The chromatograms got from the HPLC investigation of both new arrangement and old arrangement of N-acetylcysteine was analyzed. 3. Results: a) Specific optical revolution: Mass of gauging boat(g) 26.6089 Mass of gauging pontoon + test (g) 27.8609 Mass of gauging pontoon + buildup (g) 26.6079 Mass of test moved (g) 1.253 Table 1: The mass of N-acetylcysteine used to make an answer for estimation of explicit optical turn. Figurings: As per British Pharmacopeia (BP 1999; page 40-41), it expresses that the particular optical pivot is +ã‚â 21.0 to +ã‚â 27.0. To get the edge of turn, the condition underneath is utilized, Where, [ãžâ ±] = explicit optical pivot Þâ ± = watched edge of pivot C = convergence of dynamic substance in g/100mL of the arrangement l = length of section in 2dcms For newly arranged arrangement: Edge acquired (Þâ ±): 2.45㠢⠁â ° Convergence of N-acetylcysteine (c): 5.012 %w/v Way length = 2 dm Explicit optical pivot: = 100 x 2.45㠢⠁â ° 2 x 5.012g/ml = +24.5㠢⠁â ° For old arrangement: Edge got (Þâ ±): - 3.29㠢⠁â ° Centralization of N-acetylcysteine (c): 5.012 %w/v Way length = 2 dm Explicit optical turn: = 100 x 3.29㠢⠁â ° 2 x 5.012g/ml = - 32.9㠢⠁â ° b) ASSAY: 98.0%-101.0% C5H9NO3S (as dried material) Test 1 Test 2 Mass of vessel + test (g) 3.8797 3.8777 Mass of vessel + buildup (g) 3.7393 3.7398 Mass of Acetylcysteine moved (g) 0.1404 0.1379 Table 2: The mass of N-acetylcysteine powder in test 1 and test 2 for titrations with iodine. First perusing Second perusing Beginning volume (mL) 17.40 26.70 Last volume (mL) 26.40 35.50 Volume of 0.05M iodine utilized (mL) 9.00 8.80 Table 3: The volume of iodine utilized for both titration utilizing test 1 and test 2 of N-acetylcysteine arrangement and starch as marker. Counts: Real centralization of iodine utilized: 0.0476M Atomic load of N-acetylcysteine (C5H9NO3S): 163.2 The reasonable condition for the response between N-acetylcysteine and iodine: 2 C5H9NO3S + I2 à C5H8NO3SSC5H8NO3 + 2HI 2KI à I2 + 2K+ As indicated by British Pharmacopeia, 1mL of 0.05M iodine is equal to 16.32mg of C5H9NO3S. This implies, 2 mole of C5H9NO3S equivalent to one mole of iodine. Along these lines when 1mL of 0.05M iodine = 16.32mg of C5H9NO3S, 1mL of 0.0476M iodine = 0.0476M x 16.32mg/0.05M = 15.54mg of C5H9NO3S First titration: 1mL of 0.0476M iodine = 15.54mg of C5H9NO3S In this way, 9.00mL of 0.0476M iodine = 9.00mL x 15.54mg/1mL = 139.86mg = 0.13986g of C5H9NO3S Second titration: 1mL of 0.0476M iodine = 15.54mg of C5H9NO3S In this way, 8.80mL of 0.0476M iodine = 8.80mL x 15.54mg/1mL = 135.52mg = 0.13552g of C5H9NO3S Estimation of Percentage of Purity: Test 1 of N-acetylcysteine Test 2 of N-acetylcysteine Mass moved Genuine mass determined Mass moved Genuine mass determined 0.1404 0.1399 0.1379 0.1355 As indicated by British Pharmacopeia (BP), the level of virtue ought to be inside 98.0 101.0% of dried substance. Condition of the Percentage of Purity: Test 1: Test 2: c) Assay by titration with 0.1M of sodium hydroxide I) Titration by utilizing phenol red marker Test 1 Test 2 Mass of vessel + test (g) 3.8916 3.9199 Mass of vessel + buildup (g) 3.5913 3.6198 Mass of N-acetylcysteine moved (g) 0.3003 0.3001 Table 4: The mass of N-acetylcysteine powder in test 1 and test 2 for titrations with 0.1M of sodium hydroxide. First perusing Second perusing Starting volume (mL) 1.00 1.00 Last volume (mL) 18.15 18.10 Volume of 0.05M iodine utilized (mL) 17.15 17.10 Table 5: The volume of 0.1M sodium hydroxide utilized for both titration utilizing test 1 and test 2 of N-acetylcysteine arrangement and phenol red as pointer. Estimations: Genuine grouping of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) utilized: 0.1062M Sub-atomic load of N-acetylcysteine (C5H9NO3S): 163.2 The decent equa

Impact Of Social Media On Business Commerce Essay

Effect Of Social Media On Business Commerce Essay Online life or as it were New Media characterizes interpersonal interaction locales like Facebook, Twitter, Flicker, Youtube alongside a lot more destinations that connect with clients to partake in,comment on and make content as methods for speaking with their social group,other clients and public.It can occur by means of a computer(like PCs and netbooks),tablets(like iPads,iTouch and others) and portable phones(smart phones).Social media in todays world has become a worldwide marvel. Web based life in todays world is a piece of any business, no organizations can sell there items without the assistance of online life since internet based life is a mass correspondence media which takes the detail of value and cost of the item to the purchasers. Thus web based life causes the firm completely to get the benefit from the business . 1Agnihotri, Raj; Kothandaraman, Prabakar; Kashyap, Rajiv; Singh, Ramendra. (2012). effect of online networking on business. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management.â . 32 (16), p333-348. This article is intriguing, it gives helpful data about the historical backdrop of web based life and it clarifies how online networking impacts business. It has helpful data about the effect of social on business In various fields of business. I will utilize this source in my last article since it clarifies about various terms for instance deals the board, business insight, business arranging and some more. Moreover, it clarifies how the organistaions accomplish objectives utilizing online life. Its a quickest developing procedure in business associations which outlines an objective in an associations. Anyway web based life is a significant device which discloses how to keep up assignments in different fields like a sales rep to keep up a vocation in a superior manner to make an occupation esteem. This article is giving me various thoughts how the business is finished with the assistance of online life. As should be obvious this article has the normal focuses about the internet based life showcasing techniques, firms procedures, business arranging and deals the executives. Dave Ray . (2010). The Positive Effects of Social Media. Available: http://www.searchengineisland.com/2012/05/beneficial outcomes of-internet based life online.html. Last got to 28th oct 2012. This site clarifies about the positive effect of online networking on business. It discloses how to utilize web based life for future online business whatever it might be, an item or advertising which will deliver you profit by the day's end. This site additionally gives data about how online networking has developed in the overall generally in business, as should be obvious these days no business runs without the assistance of web based life. Anyway utilizing this webpage for my last article will be progressively valuable since it call attention to how the business firms use organizing sites to stay in contact with clients, look at the, and know there taste and inclination . Along these lines this site is giving me various thoughts and it explains about various systems administration social and business arranged informal organization sites and it likewise illuminate how the organizations accomplish their objectives with the assistance of online networking organizing sites ( for instance facebook, twitter and myspace) john souza. (2011).â social media highlights for a lift in business.Available: http://socialmediamarketinguniversity.com/10-musthave-internet based life highlights help business/. Last got to 28th oct 2012. I am accepting this site as my source since it gives me insight concerning internet based life highlights which causes the organizations to improve their business. It represent about different online life sites like facebook, twitter, linkedin and youtube. For instance: facebook pages helps the venture in promoting their item on their pages which are enjoyed by numerous individuals and at whatever point a product is loved by a part it goes on his/her own profile thusly the endeavor uninhibitedly publicized and it spares the expense of the ware. Just as in twitter, in the event that a record is moved up to proficient, at that point their will be numerous individuals to tweet you which implies more benefit for the firm. Along these lines I should utilize this source in my last exposition since it characterizes internet based life in a superior manner and it shows how the business firms make their brands name famous and how they make they benefit by utilizing online life arrange pages . Catherine Lovering. (2010). Negative Effects of Social Media on Business. Available: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/negative-impacts online networking business-25682.html. Last got to 27th oct 2012 I am accepting this article as my hotspot for the last exposition , various articles clarifies various things as this clarifies me how online networking makes issues for business firms . In nowadays no organization can utilize negative items as they are seen by media, provided that they do, media makes negative anecdotes about their items which makes a major issue for the organization and friends is exposed with the terrible name in the market . Internet based life is a major piece of the business ,web-based social networking welcomes everybody to its locale representatives, works and customers . internet based life makes trouble for the organizations to state about their brands that are negative, since clients are straightforwardly welcome to media and they would remark on the brands that disparaging . Subsequently, utilizing this article as a source in my last paper will be progressively useful then some other in light of the fact that it calls attention to many negative themes about social middle negative effects on business and how can it makes issue for organizations like discussing unapproved laborers for associations benefit. Rodriguez, Michael; Peterson, Robert M.; Krishnan, Vijaykumar. . (2012). effect of online life on business. Journal of Personal Selling Sales Management.â . 32 (14), p365-378. In this article Michael, Robert and vijay kumar has clarified how the online life impact business firms. As indicated by Neilson company(2010), online networking clients overall developed about 30 percent in 2010, from 244 million to almost 315 million clients. Research from Gartners customers innovation and markets bunches determined that worldwide spending via web-based networking media would add up to $14.9 billion in 2012(Gupta 2011) (content.ebscohost.com/ContentServer.asp?EbscoContent ) Along these lines, as the utilization of web based life rises, the cost of the item likewise rises and the client who are called lord of the market will in general change to its substitutes of that ware which has the meriting cost instead of the product that is publicize through methods for online life. This article has examined about the negative effects of web-based social networking which says that on account of internet based life numerous enormous business firms loses its clients consistently for a wide range of reasons.

Language on the Skids Planet Biscotti Goddess Richmond Writing

Language on the Skids Planet Biscotti Goddess Richmond Writing Admittedly, unlike the cartoon (taken from UPenns Language Log blog) this post is tepid stuff. I find myself, by inclination a descriptivist about propriety in language, vexed by the overuse of goddess and planet and even club. Each of these words has been debased and lost some of its grandeur by their use in marketing. This screed of mine began as I looked across the desk, delaying grading student work, when my eyes lighted on the box of biscotti Id picked up at Ellwood Thompsons Local Market, my favorite place to shop. The brand, Biscotti Goddess, appears at the local coffee shop and Im fond of them. Im not fond of the name. Deities, even heathen ones, or especially those, merit some respect.   Id say Biscotti Diva except Id be falling into the same trap. My concern with using such signifiers this way comes from the ability to suck the life from what they signify.   If you look up weasel word in Wikipedia, youll see that the term comes from how an actual weasel empties an egg that still appears intact. And thus with language. Almost time for Planet Lunch!

Printer Security Understanding Health Data Security And...

Understanding Health Data Security and Print Infrastructure Although printer security is often overlooked, there are several steps healthcare IT managers can take to properly secure their printer ecosystem. By Mario Doss HP For those who may not see the urgency in printer and software upgrades let me point out how the last two years have seen several high profile, costly health data security breaches from some major healthcare organizations including Anthem Healthcare, Premera Blue Cross BlueShield, Excellus BlueCross BlueShield and UCLA Health System. These examples have served to highlight the importance of Printer security for healthcare organizations and please don’t forget that the Equifax Breach was due to Software upgrades†¦show more content†¦In addition, deploy printers with features that can provide a base layer of self-protection, such as the ability to detect and recover from an intrusion. IT organizations should also ensure that they are procuring their printers and print services from vendors that support industry standards such as Common Criteria, FIPS 140-2, HIPAA, NIST 800-53 and ISO 27001. Prevent unauthorized user access to confidential documents Documents left in the output tray present one of the most common risks associated with print security. In healthcare settings especially, these documents often contain confidential patient information that can easily be accessed, misplaced or discarded. This exposure to private patient information, financial statements, and other proprietary data puts an organization at risk of an immediate breach. Implementing a pull printing or pin printing solution can help prevent this type of unauthorized access by requiring a user to authenticate at the printer before a document starts printing. HIPAA compliance means not just preventing authorized access to patient information records, but also being able to document who has access to those records. When it comes to printing documents, an access management solution can be used to enforce IT policies about who can print what as well provide an audit trail, if needed. Implement aShow MoreRelatedEssay about Applied Reserach Course Project3581 Words   |  15 PagesApplied Research Course Project Radames Ramirez RRamirez14@my.keller.edu MIS589 – Networking Concepts and Applications Instructor: Lynn Risley 3/10/2016 MIS589 Project Milestone 0Proposal Draft | Cloud infrastructure ServicesKaiser Permanente Hospitals | Prepared by: Radames RamirezDate: 03/03/2016 | Approved by: | 1. 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The Contribution of Benjamin Franklin to The American...

Benjamin Franklin was one of the most influential men of the eighteenth century. He was the only man to sign all of these four major documents: the Declaration of Independence, the Treaty of Alliance with France, the Constitution of the United States, and the Treaty of Peace with Great Britain. Franklin was an inventor, a philosopher, a writer, a musician, and he actively participated in many congressional articles used by the government of the United States of America. His tombstone, however, simply referred to him as printer, reflecting his great humility. One of the things he was most influential in was the separation of the American colonies from British rule. In fact, Benjamin Franklin was vital to the success of the American†¦show more content†¦Walter Isaacson states that William was concerned for his father, but both he and Galloway remained loyalists. Franklin sought after a way to keep America and England under one empire, but he knew that this would only occur if Britain would cease its oppression of the American people. When it became obvious that the King would not stop his endless taxes and limits on trade, a fight for independence became the only clear way to put an end to it. Unfortunately, not every American saw the issue as clearly as Franklin. Most were afraid of the consequences to a rebellion against British rule. John Dickinson, put forward the last appeal to England on July 5. It later became known as the Olive Branch Petition, in which Congress called for the King to come to Americas rescue. On the same day the petition was sent out, Franklin finally decided to let the public know where he stood on this great political issue. Rather than giving a moving speech or making obviously rebellious actions, Benjamin chose to write a letter to a dear friend in England, William Strahan. 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Groupthink and Asian Cultures Free Essays

Prabhjot Kaur Communication Theory Final Paper ASSUMPTIONS: A high level of cohesiveness is usually present when groupthink occurs, and there is a great reluctance on the part of group members to stray from the group’s position. They do not want to leave, be forced out, or be ignored by other members. This â€Å"oneness† associated with cohesiveness is typically a desirable condition except when the group relies too much on solidarity that the desirable ends are not focused on. We will write a custom essay sample on Groupthink and Asian Cultures or any similar topic only for you Order Now They are likely to operate in the group in a manner that seeks the approval and even affection of the other group members. This is not the same as wanting to please the group leader with little or no concern for the opinion of the other group members. Cohesiveness is just one of three conditions necessary for groupthink to exist. The second assumption relates to the process of problem solving in small groups marking it a usually unified process. When a group is given the task of making a decision they usually go in with the thought of reaching a unanimous decision and strive to get along. They are also susceptible to adapt to the cohesiveness of the group due to affiliative constraints. An affiliative constraint refers to members withholding their own opinions in fear of being rejected by the group. (West Turner, 243) This is vital to the outcome of groupthink because if the members with opposing views did not fear rejection and argued their views the decision making process would be further delayed and would affect the cohesiveness of the group. The third assumption is that groups and decision making are frequently complex. There must be other alternatives available than just the one option the group is picking and the members of the group must be aware of these options. If there are no other options then groupthink does not apply because there is no valid input being withheld by the members. Group members must know the who the other members are and be able to understand the position of the other members. Many factors such as â€Å"age, size of groups, intelligence of group members, gender composition, competitive nature of group members, and leadership styles that emerge in the group† (West Turner, 244), will affect on how group members behave and choose to challenge the group’s decision. Group members who are similar in one or many of these areas to one another are more conducive to groupthink. Homogeneity can foster groupthink among members and discourage them to challenge the group. (West Turner, 244) CONDITIONS THAT PROMOTE: The first condition that promotes groupthink is presence of the cohesiveness we discussed earlier causes pressure for members to conform. The other two conditions are; group structural factors and group stress. The structure of the group does affect the way the group will function when faced with a complex problem to solve. It is important for the group to have strong group insulation or â€Å"the ability to remain unaffected by outside influences† (West Turner, 246). Impartial leadership also can cause people to not have access to the full information available to help them make their decision. Leaders who have their own personal agenda prioritize that first before the well fare of the group. Final structural flaw that could lead to groupthink is the lack of decision-making procedures. If the procedures are not clearly established then the members have no structure to follow and reach a valid decision and can easily get lost in the influence of others to conform. Also, if there is no diversity in the backgrounds and experience present in the group then it may be very difficult for the group to be able to see all sides of the issue before making their final decision. PREVENT: West and Turner outline four major ways when discussing how to prevent groupthink. The first recommendation is to require oversight and control committee to enforce the procedures set for decision making and make them aware of their responsibility to challenge collectivism. The second recommendation is to embrace whistle blowing, so the members will report unethical or illegal practices. The third recommendation is to allow for objection because conscientious objectors who refuse to participate in the decision-making process due to violation of personal conscious need a safe environment for members to challenge the collective view without fearing rejection or other forms of negative reactions. The last recommendation is to balance consensus and majority rule. It is too much pressure to get a consensus instead it is better to work towards a majority decision. EXTENTION: Geert Hofstede is a Dutch social psychologist that did a study on of cultures across modern nations. Geert Hofstede (2001) defines Power Distance to â€Å"the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally†. The U. S. s considered a low power distance country, meaning within institutions and organizations here people relate to one another more as equals regardless of formal positions. However in high power distance countries the less powerful accept power relations that are higher in status. Hofstedes’ data from his study of over 40 countries shows that India has the highest power distance score for culture. This score implies a high level of inequality of power and wealth within society. This c ondition is a cultural norm for the India rather than a negative effect of groupthink. This presence of a high power distance helps facilitate groupthink. Sinha (2008) explains, â€Å"The seniors in a group set the pace and make decisions, which the rest of the group members are likely to accept without further questioning. † This custom is carried over to personal life as well where the elderly of the family will make decisions that the rest will follow. Geert Hofstede (2001), a Dutch social psychologist, defines power distance as â€Å"the extent to which the less powerful members of organizations and institutions (like the family) accept and expect that power is distributed unequally.   A low power distance country such as the United States is where individuals relate to one another more as equals regardless of formal positions; however, in high power distance countries like India, the less powerful accept power relations that are of higher status. Hofstedes’s cultural data research of 40 countries shows that India has the highest power distance sco re, which implies a high level of inequality of power and wealth within society. Sinha (2008) explains, â€Å"The seniors in a group set the pace and make decisions, which the rest of the group members are likely to accept without further questioning. †Ã‚  Ã‚  Rather than groupthink having a negative effect on group decision making, this is a cultural norm in India. This custom is carried over to personal life as well where the elderly of the family will make decisions for everyone. This presence of a high power distance facilitates groupthink in various aspects of Indian society. How to cite Groupthink and Asian Cultures, Papers

International Marketing Global Brand

Question: Discuss about theInternational Marketingfor Global Brand. Answer: Introduction: This report aims to give an account on the international marketing for a global brand. International marketing has become a serious concern since globalization has influenced the socio-economic factors to take a sharp turn from the previous scenarios. The concept of the globalization has helped brands to expand their market outside the parent country. This report has tried to make a paper that evaluates how global brands manage the situation when they are introducing their products or services in a foreign country. For this report, Starbucks has been selected to discuss how this country has expanded its business worldwide. Starbucks is an American coffeehouse chain; since the opening of the business in 1971, Starbucks has successfully expanded its market across around 50 countries. Till this date, Starbucks operates almost 17000 shops worldwide. Several types of research have revealed that Starbucks follows different strategies for different geographical divisions so that this giant chain can grab the maximum of the market (Hutt, 2016). In this report, China has been selected as the host country. This report has considered many aspects Starbucks have taken for the appropriate positioning of its products in Chinese tea drinking culture. Analysis of the influencing factors for the market expansion of Starbucks in China can be helpful in the establishment of a valid and approachable document. Explanation of the Strategies Adopted by Starbucks for the Chinese Market: Starbucks has successfully placed their products in different countries easily; however, it was different when the organization thought to enter the Chinese market in 1999; because Chinese culture only encourages drinking tea. Moreover, where other western food chains like Burger King, Dunkin Donut have failed to trace a market in China, it seemed difficult for Starbucks to establish a successful and steady market in that strong tea-drinking culture (Verbeke, 2013). However, Starbucks has become successful in China due to their strategic implementation of the customized ideas in China. As mentioned by, Smith Maguire and Hu (2013), the young generation has more inclined towards the western culture of leaving their culture and this factor is helping Starbucks to grow in the Chinese market. In addition, Wang (2012), mentioned that having coffee from Starbucks has become a symbolic status of the middle-class people in China; thus, Starbucks is gaining popularity among the majority of the Chinese population. Apart from that, Starbucks has also taken another approach to achieve their goal in the Chinese market; Starbucks has emphasized on the Chinese culture during its business set up in this country rather just plucking the entire western culture from its parent country that is America and implant it in the Chinese background (Burkitt, 2012). The management of the Starbucks has researched the economic and social context prior to setting up of their business in such critical country. Presently, Starbucks has 200 running stores in China; however, it is looking forward to expanding its business further here in spite of tough competition from the internal competitors and other situational factors. Here, different strategic approaches, taken by Starbucks, have been discussed below to understand the reason behind the successful business of the organization in China. Preferences to social concern: As mentioned by Peterson (2015), while an international organization determines to establish a business in a foreign country it should respect the social aspect of that country. This step is recommended because it helps that organization to be acknowledged with the demand of the community as well as the organization will be able to identify what measures are appropriate for the successful business expansion. Reports have revealed that Chinese people have grown a preference for Starbucks as it offers the environment they have wanted. Peaceful ambiance of Starbucks has attracted young people to meet their friends, office executives to hold a meeting; it has become a place for family gathering too. People in China want to have a coffee and sit for a while when they are drinking it rather having it in a rush hour as in America (Rein, 2012). To fulfil such demands Starbucks has focused on the larger pacing of their stores. Strategic market positioning: Positioning of the products is highly critical as it is the main measure that introduces the products to the consumers (Qian Xing, 2016). In this regard, Starbucks has adopted a smart strategy to place their coffee in tea drinking culture of the China. Starbucks has never optioned for any promotional campaigns and advertisements for their products as it would have been perceived as a threat to the local culture of drinking tea. Starbucks went for the option to locate their stores in such a position where it can fetch higher visibility and crowd to enjoy their service (Jang Jung, 2013). An important note must be shared in this context that is offering local drinks in their stores. Starbucks has introduced green tea and other local beverages along with treats like mooncake, customized for only the Chinese market; this step has helped Starbucks by turning the potential threat of rupturing the tea drinking culture of China into favour for the Starbucks. Smart pricing strategy: The economic conditions fluctuate in different countries to make any international project feasible global organizations are required to revise their pricing strategy as per the host country in such a way that it helps the brand to earn their expected revenue. In this concern, Starbucks has adopted a smart pricing strategy. The price of the Starbucks products is costlier in China than that of the America. Such higher pricing strategy has helped Starbucks to hold a profitable business in China in spite of the fact that a number of stores are not sufficient (Zhang, 2012). Apart from that, Starbucks roll out specialty products such as gift sets with the higher margin. Reports have revealed that Starbucks charge almost 20% more in China rather other countries; thus, it has become successful to yield the maximum revenue from the market. Partnership with local brands: It is important for an organization to understand the local business strategies and the trend of the market; thus, an organization can tie up with the local companies in that particular industry so that even minute and complicated issues can be solved easily (Wen, 2016). For China, the business scope is not same for each part of the country. The culture of the Northern part is not same as the culture of the Eastern China; moreover, the spending trend also differs from the coastal regions and island population (Hutt, 2016). To overcome such problems Starbucks has signed an agreement with three different local partners. In the northern part, it has entered a joint venture with Beijing Mei Da Coffee. In the eastern part, it has gone with the Uni-President and for the southern part; it has tied with Maxim's Caterers from Hong Kong. This strategy has proved beneficial for the Starbucks as each partner has brought different expertise as well as strengths of l ocal business so that Starbucks can easily give an insight into the preferences and taste of the local Chinese consumers. Employee management: This aspect cannot be overlooked while an organization is setting a business in a foreign country. Employee satisfaction is recommended as it is responsible for delivering the standard service and better performance. Employees are provided with adequate salary packages, healthy working environments, and prospering career paths. Meng and Wang (2015), suggested that there are many international companies where Chinese are treated as the second class citizens and given less important position in the overseas operations in China. However, Starbucks has given equal importance to each employee and appropriate position as per their capabilities. Apart from that, Starbucks management has given importance to the families of the workers; the families are invited to have interaction with the senior authorities of the company. As Chinese culture praises family involvement, this process helped to establish a reliable relationship with the employees (Jianfei, 2014). Establishm ent of an interactive and practical relationship with the employees has helped the organization to possess a strong working culture that has, in turn, assisted in successful business expansion in China. Examples of Different Strategies: This part has described few promotional and advertising strategies that Starbucks has adopted to make their business more approachable to the Chinese community. The opening of web account: Starbucks has opened a web account on the social platform of Weibo. This platform is very popular among the young generation and thus Starbucks can easily interact with maximum consumers with minimum time. Figure 1: Web account in Weibo (Source: Marketing China, 2017) Variation in the products and merchandise: Starbucks offer diverse products to meet the requirement of the Chinese market. It has customized its merchandises with brighter color contrast and Chinese graphics embedded in their merchandises. Figure 2: Customized merchandise for Chinese market (Source: Marketing China, 2017) Innovative campaigning: Starbucks has launched an innovative digital promotional campaigning with WeChat. The main agenda behind this strategy is to reach out around 500 million users of WeChat. Service users are given QR codes that they can get exciting coupons and gifts from Starbucks. QR codes are even printed on the coffee cups. Figure 3: Digital campaign with WeChat and QR code on the coffee cup (Source: Marketing China, 2017) Hence, it can be said that Starbucks has taken all possible steps to achieve the maximum popularity and success in the Chinese market. Starbucks has set its vision to capture the greater market for long terms; thus, these steps are appropriate in the current context. Conclusion: This report has given an overall explanation of the factors that have influenced the successful business set up of Starbuck in China. It was tough for a coffeehouse retail to establish a successful business in a country like China where people are fascinated with the tea-drinking culture. However, strategic management for the pricing of the products, positioning of the products, cultural embracement and employee management has boosted the business of Starbucks to expand their market share eventually. In a conclusory sentence, it can be said that Starbucks is required to focus on the long-term commitment to achieving massive success across the entire country. Reference List: Burkitt, L. (2012). Starbucks plays to local Chinese tastes.Wall Street Journal. Hutt, R. W. (2016). Reputation on the line: the Starbucks cases.Journal of Business Strategy,37(1), 19-26. Jang, Y. J., Jung, E. C. (2013, July). Studies on the Design Marketing Strategies in the Experiential Economy through the Case Study of the Starbucks Company.' InInternational Conference of Design, User Experience, and Usability(pp. 30-36). Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Jianfei, X. (2014). Analysis of Starbucks Employees Operating Philosophy.International Journal of Business and Social Science,5(6). Marketing China,. (2017). How Starbucks is different in China - Marketing China. Marketing China. Retrieved 4 January 2017, from https://marketingtochina.com/how-starbucks-is-different-in-china/ Meng, Y., Wang, F. (2015). Chinese consumer perceived on experiential marketing approach used by Starbucks. Peterson, H. (2015). Ways Starbucks is Different in China. Qian, Y. A. N. G., Xing, T. U. (2016). Starbucks VS Chinese TeaStarbucks Brand Management Strategy Analysis in China.International Business and Management,12(1), 29-32. Rein, S. (2012). Why Starbucks succeeds in China and others haven't.Retrieved from USA Today website: https://usatoday30. usatoday. com/money/industries/food/story/2012-02-12/cnbc-starbucks-secrets-of-china-success/53040820/1. Smith Maguire, J., Hu, D. (2013). Not a simple coffee shop: local, global and glocal dimensions of the consumption of Starbucks in China.Social Identities,19(5), 670-684. Verbeke, A. (2013).International business strategy. Cambridge University Press. Wang, H. H. (2012). Five things Starbucks did to get China right.Forbes: Business. Wen, S. (2016). Marketing strategies: Starbucks in China. Zhang, X. (2012). When Tea Leaf Meets Coffee Bean.